排污权交易政府监管制度研究

发布时间：2018-05-23 23:04

本文选题：排污权交易 + 政府监管　；参考：《甘肃政法学院》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：自2001年我国首例二氧化硫排污权交易至今已十五年,我国所展开的排污权交易试点工作日趋成熟。政府作为同时参与排污权一级市场和二级市场的重要参与主体,在排污权的运行过程中占据举足轻重的作用。排污权交易的公益性质决定了政府是它最好的监管者;行政手段是最便捷高效的监管路径;在排污权交易真正运行的二级市场,政府监管是为了规避市场失灵风险的手段。因此,排污权的价格应该由市场决定,但排污权市场的交易秩序要由政府来制定和管理。但是我国经过十五年的试点工作,取得成绩的同时,也涌现出诸如配套政策制定不足、交易规则不完善、监管不到位等等问题,从而产生政府在可以放手市场的地方费尽心力做“保姆”,而在政府应当实行有力监管的方面心有余力不足的现象。与此对照,上个世纪就推出排污权交易制度的美国,立法相对完善,科学监测网络覆盖面广泛,设立了一些敏感点来触发政府主动作为。此外,美国的社会化机制较为发达,一系列的环保组织甚至个人都能成为监管的辅助力量。可以看出,美国政府的监管相对我国而言更为张弛有度。国外经验不能照搬,但亦有可取之处。为了增进我国排污权交易政府监管的效率和作用,应当更新我国治理方式,以政府监管为中心,建立多元治理的模式。增加法律法规形式的规范,加强政府各部门的协同合作,建立监测信息共享机制,增强社会化监督机制,都是在我国排污权交易的政府监管中可取的改善路径。
[Abstract]:It has been 15 years since the first sulfur dioxide emission trading in China in 2001. As an important participant in both the primary market and the secondary market, the government plays an important role in the operation of emission rights. The commonweal nature of emission trading determines that the government is its best regulator; the administrative means is the most convenient and efficient way of supervision; in the secondary market where emission trading really runs, government regulation is to avoid the risk of market failure. Therefore, the price of emission rights should be determined by the market, but the trading order of emission rights market should be formulated and managed by the government. However, after 15 years of pilot work in our country, while we have made achievements, problems such as inadequate supporting policies, imperfect trading rules, inadequate supervision, and so on have emerged. The result is that the government takes pains to be "nanny" where it can let go of the market, and there is insufficient Yu Li in the area where the government should carry out strong supervision. By contrast, the United States, which introduced the emission trading system in the last century, has relatively perfect legislation, extensive coverage of scientific monitoring network, and has set up some sensitive points to trigger the government's initiative. In addition, social mechanisms are more developed in the United States, a range of environmental groups and even individuals can become a subsidiary force of regulation. As can be seen, the United States government regulation is more Zhang Chi than China. Foreign experience cannot be copied, but there is merit. In order to improve the efficiency and function of the government supervision of emission trading in China, we should renew the governance mode of our country, take the government supervision as the center, and establish the mode of pluralistic governance. Increasing the standard of laws and regulations, strengthening the cooperation of various government departments, establishing the mechanism of monitoring information sharing and strengthening the socialized supervision mechanism are all desirable ways to improve the government supervision of emission trading in our country.
【学位授予单位】：甘肃政法学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.68

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