西安市大气污染物暴露健康风险与健康效应评价

发布时间：2018-05-27 18:38

本文选题：大气污染物 + 健康风险　；参考：《西安建筑科技大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：为了进一步认识西安大气污染暴露对人群健康的影响,本文利用西安2013~2016年的SO_2、NO_2、PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)、O_3监测数据,评价了西安大气污染特征。通过美国环保署的健康风险评价方法计算了各污染物暴露的危险度,利用泊松回归模型评价了人群健康效应影响,编制期望寿命表得到污染物暴露导致的预期寿命损失,以期为制定合理的大气质量标准提供依据。主要结论如下:(1)2013~2015年西安大气污染物SO_2、NO_2、PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)、O_3浓度逐年下降,2016年SO_2浓度进一步降低,但NO_2、PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)、O_3浓度较2015年有所上升。其中各污染物浓度均低于国家二级质量标准,较WHO空气质量指导值和国家空气质量一级标准PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)超标最严重。污染物各季节浓度变化趋势是SO_2、NO_2、PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)浓度均呈现一、四季度高于二、三季度,O_3浓度呈现二、三季度高于一、四季度的变化趋势。(2)2013~2016年西安大气污染物SO_2、NO_2、PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)、O_3暴露的健康危险度在0.003×10-6到0.135×10-6之间,低于USEPA规定的1×10-6可接受风险范围。各污染物暴露健康风险,PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)风险值最大,O_3次之,SO_2和NO_2最低。男性健康风险高于女性,不同年龄段风险值不同,儿童青少年健康风险值最大。(3)以WHO空气质量指导值和国家空气质量标准一、二级标准限值为参考浓度、可避免非意外死亡为健康端点,2013~2016年PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)、O_3达到相应指标的健康效应远远高于SO_2、NO_2健康效应。(4)西安大气污染物暴露对居民预期寿命的损失达到0.05~0.9岁,其中PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)、O_3对预期寿命造成的损失高于SO_2、NO_2,男性的寿命损失高于女性。
[Abstract]:In order to further understand the effect of air pollution exposure in Xi'an on the health of the population, the monitoring data of air pollution in Xi'an are evaluated by using the monitoring data of so _ 2O _ 2O _ 2 / PMSP _ (10) / P _ (2) / O _ (3) in Xi'an from 2013 to 2016. The risk of pollutant exposure was calculated by the health risk assessment method of EPA, and the impact of population health effect was evaluated by using Poisson regression model. The life expectancy loss caused by pollutant exposure was obtained by compiling a life expectancy table. In order to provide the basis for the establishment of reasonable atmospheric quality standards. The main conclusions are as follows: from 2013 to 2015, the concentration of air pollutant SO2NO2P / P / P / P / P / P / P / P / T / 10 / 10 / 10 / 10 / 10 / 10 / 10 / 10 / 10 / 10 / 10 / 10 / 10 / 10 / 10 / 10 / 10 / 10 / 10 / 10 / 10 / 10 / 10 / 10 / 10 / 10 / 10 / 10 / 10 / 01 / T / P / T / T / T / T / T / T / T / T / T The concentration of each pollutant is lower than the national second grade quality standard, which is the most serious than the WHO air quality guideline and the national air quality primary standard. The change trend of pollutant concentration in each season is that the concentration of so _ 2O _ 2C _ 2O _ 2 / P _ T _ (10 / P) _ _ _ The trend of change in the fourth quarter is between 0.003 脳 10 ~ 6 and 0.135 脳 10 ~ (-6), which is lower than the acceptable risk range of 1 脳 10 ~ (-6) specified by the USEPA. The risk value of each pollutant exposure health risk is the highest and the NO_2 is the lowest. The health risk of male is higher than that of female, and the health risk value of children and adolescents is the highest. The reference concentration is WHO air quality guidance value and national air quality standard I and II limit. The health effect of meeting the corresponding target is much higher than that of the health effect of so _ 2 / no _ 2.) the loss of life expectancy by exposure to air pollutants in Xi'an is 0.05or 0.9 years. Of these, the number of life expectancy at the level of PM10 is higher than that of the so _ 2O _ 2, and the life loss of men is higher than that of women.
【学位授予单位】：西安建筑科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X51;X823

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