中国水稻生产的碳足迹分析

发布时间：2018-05-27 21:09

本文选题：气候变化 + 碳排放　；参考：《资源科学》2017年04期

【摘要】：由温室气体排放引起的全球变暖问题已受到公众的广泛关注。农业生产对温室气体排放有重要影响,水稻是中国主要粮食作物,而稻田又是CH_4的主要排放源,因此研究其生产过程的碳足迹对实现农业节能减排具有意义。本研究基于2004-2014年水稻生产相关统计数据,利用碳足迹评价方法核算了中国水稻生产碳足迹及其变化趋势。研究结果表明:①中国水稻生产温室气体排放量、单位面积碳足迹呈逐年增长,而单位产量碳足迹则出现下降趋势,年均增长量分别为21.24亿kgCO_2-eq、32.58kgCO_2-eq/hm~2和-2.82kgCO_2-eq/t;②不同省份由于水稻生产条件差异,其碳足迹存在较大差别,如年均单位面积碳足迹最高的江苏达7411.91kgCO_2-eq/hm~2,最低的黑龙江为4305.87kgCO_2-eq/hm~2;③年均单位产量碳足迹方面,最高海南为1419.35kgCO_2-eq/t,最低吉林为602.12kgCO_2-eq/t;④综合比较单位面积与单位产量碳足迹发现,华南双季稻稻作区(广西、广东、福建等),华中双季稻稻作区(江苏、湖南、江西等),其单位碳足迹均高于全国平均水平;⑤水稻生产碳足迹组成中占比最大的部分为稻田CH_4排放,达85.05%,农资投入导致的温室气体排放仅占14.95%,其中化肥投入占总碳足迹的10.25%。最后,本文建议通过改进农田管理措施(如间歇性灌溉、改进施肥、合理使用农业投入品),提高水稻机械化生产效率来有效减少水稻温室气体排放。
[Abstract]:The problem of global warming caused by greenhouse gas emissions has been widely concerned by the public. Agricultural production has an important impact on greenhouse gas emissions. Rice is the main food crop in China, and rice field is the main source of CH_4 emissions. Therefore, it is significant to study the carbon footprint of the production process in order to achieve energy saving and emission reduction in agriculture. Based on the relevant statistical data of rice production from 2004 to 2014, the carbon footprint of rice production in China and its changing trend were calculated by carbon footprint evaluation method. The results show that the carbon footprint per unit area increases year by year, while the carbon footprint per unit yield decreases. The average annual growth was 2.124 billion kgCOC _ (2-eq) 32.58 kg Cos _ 2 and -2.82 kg CO _ 2-eq / t _ 2 respectively. Because of the difference of rice production conditions, the carbon footprint of different provinces had great differences. For example, Jiangsu province with the highest annual carbon footprint per unit area of 7411.91 kgCOSP 2-eq / hmm-2, and Heilongjiang with the lowest annual carbon footprint of 4305.87 kg CO2-eq-eq / hmtit, Hainan has 1419.35 kgCO2-eqrt, and the lowest Jilin is 602.12 kgCO2-eqrtni4, and the carbon footprint per unit yield is found. The carbon footprint per unit of double cropping rice cropping areas in South China (Guangxi, Guangdong, Fujian, etc.) and central China (Jiangsu, Hunan, Jiangxi, etc.) is higher than the national average. (5) the largest proportion of carbon footprint in rice production was CH_4 emissions from rice field, which reached 85.05, and the greenhouse gas emissions caused by agricultural inputs accounted for only 14.95%, among which fertilizer input accounted for 10.25% of the total carbon footprint. Finally, it is suggested that the greenhouse gas emissions of rice should be effectively reduced by improving farmland management measures (such as intermittent irrigation, improving fertilization, rational use of agricultural inputs) and increasing the efficiency of rice mechanized production.
【作者单位】：中国农业大学农学院/农业部农作制度重点实验室;山西农业大学农学院;
【基金】：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0300201)
【分类号】：S511;X712

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