废旧轮胎热解炭黑的改性及应用研究

发布时间：2018-05-28 20:04

本文选题：热解炭黑 + 力学性能　；参考：《青岛科技大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：当今随着社会工业与经济的发展,汽车行业不断发展壮大,应运而生的轮胎企业也日渐增多,被称为“黑色污染”的废旧轮胎对环境造成严重的污染,同时不正当的处理也是对资源的严重浪费,由此,汽车轮胎的报废促使了橡胶再生加工工业的多元化发展。其中,废轮胎热解技术成为当下最有效的废轮胎处理技术之一,热解炭黑是废轮胎热解产物之一,它来源于轮胎加工过程中添加的各种炭黑,热解时随着橡胶大分子的分解而积聚沉淀收集起来,但热解炭黑的性质与添加的工业炭黑性质不同,再次应用的对橡胶的补强能力也不同。因此本文主要对热解炭黑进行了性质的表征、在各种橡胶配方中的应用研究,以及对其进行一系列改性的研究,为热解炭黑的二次应用提供一定的理论指导。本文的主要研究内容如下:首先,研究分析了热解炭黑的基本物理化学性质,包括吸碘值、DBP吸油值、PH、灰分等,同时研究了热解炭黑表面元素组成及灰分组分。结果表明,热解炭黑粒径分布复杂,属于低结构度炭黑,总体来看高于半补强炭黑N774;明显的缺点是灰分值高达14.4%,远远高于普通商用炭黑,灰分主要来源于原轮胎中所添加的各种配合剂、填料,灰分主要包括Zn、Na、Al等金属以及S元素。CBp表面C元素主要以C-C、C-OH、C-OEt、C=O、COOEt以及胞质团碳的形式存在。其次,研究了热解炭黑在橡胶中的应用,将热解炭黑分别应用在天然胶、丁苯胶、三元乙丙橡胶中,并与其他填料进行对比。结果表明:热解炭黑直接补强橡胶的效果与普通工业炭黑差距大,CBp填充NR和SBR后,硫化胶的拉伸强度和撕裂强度很高,甚至超过了N330的拉伸强度和撕裂强度,但是硫化胶的100%和300%定伸应力特别低,影响了CBp的工业应用。CBp填充发泡EPDM硫化胶的拉伸强度和定伸应力优于高岭土的填充,泡孔大小均匀,结构完整,吸能能力与高岭土填充的硫化胶相近。CBp与SiC并用能很好提升橡胶导热性能。热解炭黑的改性部分,本着成本低、易操作、可工业化的原则,采用偶联剂偶联剂干法改性、石油醚改性、研磨改性和原位生成改性。研究表明,Si-69改性、石油醚改性,和研磨改性可以有效的提高热解炭黑对橡胶的补强性能。原位生成ZDMA当ZDMA/CBp/DCP为8/40/1.8phr时丁苯橡胶达到最佳机械力学强度。
[Abstract]:Nowadays, with the development of social industry and economy, the automobile industry is growing and the number of tire enterprises is increasing. The waste tires, which are called "black pollution", cause serious pollution to the environment. At the same time, improper treatment is also a serious waste of resources. As a result, the scrap of automobile tires promotes the diversified development of rubber recycling processing industry. Among them, waste tire pyrolysis technology has become one of the most effective waste tire treatment technology, pyrolytic carbon black is one of the products of waste tire pyrolysis, it comes from a variety of carbon black added in the process of tire processing. The pyrolysis process accumulates and precipitates with the decomposition of rubber macromolecules, but the properties of pyrolytic carbon black are different from the properties of added industrial carbon black, and the reinforcing ability of the reapplied carbon black to rubber is also different. In this paper, the properties of pyrolytic carbon black were characterized, the application in various rubber formulations and a series of modification studies were studied, which provided some theoretical guidance for the secondary application of pyrolytic carbon black. The main contents of this paper are as follows: firstly, the basic physical and chemical properties of pyrolytic carbon black are studied and analyzed, including iodine absorption value, DBP oil absorption value, ash content, and so on. At the same time, the surface element composition and ash composition of pyrolytic carbon black are studied. The results show that the particle size distribution of pyrolytic carbon black is complex and belongs to low structure carbon black, which is generally higher than that of semi-reinforced carbon black N774.The obvious disadvantage is that the ash score is as high as 14.4, which is much higher than that of common commercial carbon black. The ash mainly comes from various kinds of compounding agents added in the original tire. The ash mainly includes metal such as ZnN, Naal and S element. The C element on the surface of CBp mainly exists in the form of C-C _ (C) -OH _ (C) C _ (OH) C _ (?) O _ (10) COOET and cytoplasmic carbon (C). Secondly, the application of pyrolytic carbon black in rubber was studied. The pyrolytic carbon black was used in natural rubber, butadiene rubber and ethylene-propylene diene rubber respectively, and compared with other fillers. The results showed that the tensile strength and tear strength of NR and SBR vulcanizate were higher than that of N330, even higher than that of N330. However, the 100% and 300% tensile stress of vulcanizate is very low, which affects the tensile strength and tensile stress of foamed EPDM vulcanizate filled with .CBp, which is more uniform in size and complete in structure than that of kaolin. The energy absorption ability is similar to that of the vulcanizate filled with kaolin. The combination of CBP and SiC can improve the thermal conductivity of rubber. The modified part of pyrolytic carbon black, based on the principle of low cost, easy operation and industrialization, was modified by coupling agent dry method, petroleum ether, grinding and in situ formation. The results show that Si-69 modification, petroleum ether modification and grinding modification can effectively improve the reinforcing properties of pyrolytic carbon black to rubber. The optimum mechanical strength of SBR was obtained by in situ formation of ZDMA when ZDMA/CBp/DCP was 8/40/1.8phr.
【学位授予单位】：青岛科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X705

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