不同复垦年限煤矸山重构土壤养分和重金属污染状况研究

发布时间：2018-05-30 06:38

  本文选题：煤矸山 + 不同年限　； 参考：《山西师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：煤矸石是煤炭开采的时候伴随生产出来的废弃物,其工业利用率低,主要以煤矸山的形式堆放。而煤矸山在堆存过程中会产生一系列的生态环境问题。因此,对煤矸山进行复垦治理十分必要。而我国北方地区对煤矸山治理一般采用推平覆土后进行植被绿化,但推平覆土后形成的重构土壤往往存在土壤养分不足、养分剖面层次紊乱和下层矸石中重金属迁移污染的双重胁迫,这也成为煤矸山植被复垦的阻碍要素。因此,查明不同复垦年限煤矸山重构土壤养分和重金属的污染状况,对于指导矿区煤矸山因时制宜的进行植被复垦十分必要,同时也对矿区复垦地合理进行农业生产具有重要的理论指导价值。本文以山西省霍州市曹村煤矿煤矸山复垦3a(R-3a)、复垦5a(R-5a)和复垦7a(R-7a)农田为研究对象,分析了3种不同复垦年限重构土壤1m土层养分的平均状况、养分的剖面差异和0-40cm土层重金属含量及其污染的生态风险评价。主要研究结果如下:(1)从重构土壤1m土层养分含量的平均状况来看:随着复垦年限从3a增加到7a,土壤有机质、全N、全P、全K和碱解N、有效P、速效K呈增加趋势;但与普通农田(CK)相比,3种复垦样地土壤有机质、全量养分和速效养分(除速效K外)仍明显偏低。(2)从重构土壤1m土层有机质和全量养分的剖面状况来看:在0-40cm,随着复垦年限从3a增加到7a,复垦区土壤有机质,全N、全P和全K的含量呈逐渐上升的趋势,但在40-100cm,随着复垦年限3a、5a到7a的增加,土壤有机质、全N和全K的含量表现为逐渐降低的趋势,而全P的含量表现为逐渐升高的趋势。与CK相比,在0-40cm,3种复垦年下,复垦区土壤有机质,全N和全P均小于CK(全K除外),而在40-100cm复垦区土壤有机质、全N、全P和全K四种养分表现为不同程度的高出CK。(3)从重构土壤1m土层速效养分的剖面状况来看:在0-40cm,随着复垦年限从3a增加到7a,土壤速效N、速效P和速效K(20-40cm除外)的含量均呈现为波动上升的趋势,而在40-100cm,速效N的含量随复垦年限变化不大,速效P和速效K的含量呈现为波动下降的趋势。与CK相比,3种复垦年限下,速效N在0-20cm的含量随年限增加逐渐高于CK,在20-100cm的含量大部分低于CK,速效P和速效K在0-100cm的含量随年限增加均低于CK。(4)从不同复垦年限重构土壤耕层(0-40cm)重金属含量情况来看:在0-40cm,随着复垦年限从3a增加到7a,5种元素Pb、Hg、Cd、As和Ni的含量均呈增加的趋势,且深层20-40cm的重金属含量高于表层0-20cm。与CK相比,随着复垦年限3a、5a到7a的增加,20-40cm土层中Pb、Hg、Cd、As和Ni这5种元素全部超出了CK,而在0-20cm土层只有Hg和Cd的含量超出了CK。(5)环境污染评价结果:单因子评价、内梅罗综合评价和潜在生态危害评价这3种评价结果均表明,随着复垦年限从3a增加到7a,复垦地土壤中5种重金属元素Pb、Hg、Cd、As和Ni的污染水平均呈逐渐增加的趋势。以国家土壤二级标准为依据,单因子评价和内梅罗综合评价,都表示研究区土壤属于无污染、清洁水平;以山西土壤环境背景值为依据,单因子评价表示Hg处于重度累积,Cd处于中度累积,Pb、As和Ni处于轻度累积。内梅罗综合评价这3种复垦样地的综合污染程度均处于重度累积水平,土壤污染较严重。根据潜在生态危害指数法评价结果得知,Hg属于极强的生态危害;Cd属于强生态危害;Pb、As和Ni属于轻微生态危害。总潜在生态危害程度表现为:R-7aR-5aR-3a,3种复垦样地均属于很强的生态危害。
[Abstract]:Coal gangue is a waste produced in coal mining, its industrial utilization rate is low, mainly in the form of Coal Gangue Mountain. While coal gangue mountain will produce a series of ecological environment problems during the storage process. Therefore, it is necessary to reclaim the Coal Gangue Mountain. After cladding soil, the replanted soil formed by the nappe soil often has the dual stress of soil nutrient deficiency, the disorder of nutrient profile and the heavy metal migration and pollution in the lower gangue. This has also become a hindrance factor for the reclamation of the coal gangue mountain vegetation. The pollution situation is very necessary for guiding the reclamation of coal gangue in the mining area for the time making of vegetation. At the same time, it also has important theoretical guiding value for the rational agricultural production of the reclaimed land in the mining area. This paper takes the reclamation 3A (R-3a) 3A (R-3a), the reclamation 5A (R-5a) and the reclamation 7a (R-7a) farmland as the research object, and analyses the 3 The average status of nutrient in soil 1m soil layer, nutrient profile difference and 0-40cm soil layer heavy metal content and ecological risk assessment of soil layer were reconstructed with different reclamation years. The main results were as follows: (1) from the average status of nutrient content in the reclaimed soil 1m soil layer, the soil organic matter, all N, all P, all K with the reclaimed years from 3a to 7a. And alkaline solution N, effective P and quick acting K increased, but compared with common farmland (CK), the soil organic matter, total nutrient and available nutrient (except available K) were still significantly lower than ordinary farmland (CK). (2) from the profile of organic and full nutrient in the reconstituted soil layer of organic and full nutrient, the soil organic matter increased from 3a to 7a from 3a to reclaimed soil, and the soil organic in the reclamation area in 0-40cm. Quality, all N, all P and all K content showed a trend of gradual increase, but in 40-100cm, with the period of reclamation 3a, 5A to 7a, the content of soil organic matter, total N and all K showed a gradual decreasing trend, while the total P content was gradually increasing. Compared with CK, the soil organic matter in the reclaimed area, in the 3 reclamation years, was compared with CK. Less than CK (except K), and the four nutrients of soil organic matter, full N, all P and all K in the reclaimed area of 40-100cm were shown to be higher than CK. (3) from the profile of 1m soil available nutrients in the reconstituted soil. The rising trend, while in 40-100cm, the content of quick acting N changed little with the reclaimed years, the content of quick acting P and available K showed a trend of fluctuation. Compared with CK, the content of quick acting N in 0-20cm increased gradually higher than CK, the content of N in 20-100cm was lower than CK, and the content of quick acting P and available K were in the year under the 3 years of reclamation. The limit increase is lower than CK. (4) to reconstruct the heavy metal content of soil plough layer (0-40cm) from different reclamation years. In 0-40cm, the content of the 5 elements Pb, Hg, Cd, As and Ni increased as the reclaimed years increased from 3a to 7a, and the content of the deep 20-40cm heavy metals was higher than that of the surface 0-20cm.. In addition, the 5 elements of Pb, Hg, Cd, As and Ni in the 20-40cm soil layer were all beyond CK, while the content of Hg and Cd in the 0-20cm soil layer exceeded the CK. (5) environmental pollution assessment results: the single factor evaluation, the Nemero comprehensive evaluation and the potential ecological hazard assessment, all of the 3 evaluation results showed that the number of reclaimed years increased from 3a to 5 in reclaimed soil. The pollution levels of heavy metal elements Pb, Hg, Cd, As and Ni are all increasing gradually. Based on the national soil two standard, the single factor evaluation and Nemero comprehensive evaluation indicate that the soil in the study area is pollution-free and clean. Based on the background value of the soil environment in Shanxi, the single factor evaluation indicates that Hg is in the severe accumulation and Cd is in Cd. Moderate accumulation, Pb, As and Ni are slightly accumulated. The comprehensive assessment of the 3 kinds of reclaimed land is in the severe cumulative level, and the soil pollution is serious. According to the evaluation results of the potential ecological hazard index method, Hg is a very strong ecological hazard; Cd belongs to the strong ecological hazard; Pb, As and Ni belong to minor ecological hazards. The degree of potential ecological damage is R-7aR-5aR-3a, and the 3 reclaimed plots belong to very strong ecological hazards.
【学位授予单位】：山西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X53

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