基于选择实验的三江平原湿地生态系统服务价值评价及偏好异质性研究

发布时间：2018-06-14 19:11

本文选题：选择实验法 + 三江平原湿地　；参考：《东北农业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：维持与保护生态系统服务功能是实现可持续发展的基础,定量评价生态系统服务功能的经济价值已成为当前生态学领域研究的前沿课题。湿地作为地球上最重要的自然生境和最具生产力的生态系统之一,能提供重要的生态功能和服务,与人类的生存、繁衍和发展息息相关。定量分析其经济价值,有助于自然资本开发和利用的合理决策,有利于人类进步。由于湿地生态系统服务具有多面性,其经济评价具有多价值性,从而导致个人偏好的多样性。因此,把握公众的生态偏好和支付意愿是十分必要的,有助于了解对于湿地保护责任分配的社会观点,改善福利衡量,体现社会公平和生态可持续性,使社会决策机制在各种竞争需求之间进行科学合理的分配。当前对湿地生态系统服务价值的研究大多仅局限于评价某一给定场所的经济价值,而未能揭示公众对其偏好的异质性。本文应用选择实验这一假想市场评估方法,以三江平原湿地为研究对象,结合千年生态系统评估中划分的支持服务、调节服务、供给服务和文化服务四大湿地生态系统服务功能组,选取反映生态系统服务中供给服务功能的湿地面积指标;反映调节服务功能的水源涵养指标;反映支持服务功能的生物多样性指标;以及主要反映为文化服务功能的自然景观指标等4项湿地生态系统服务功能,运用随机参数Logit模型对其进行货币化评价,定量评估湿地生态保护中不同生态系统服务的支付意愿,以及维持和改善湿地生态系统服务的补偿剩余价值,并结合潜在分类模型证实并解释公众对湿地生态系统服务的偏好异质性。研究结果表明,三江平原湿地生态系统服务的价值从高到低依次为:水源涵养、湿地面积、自然景观、生物多样性。对于维持当前湿地生态系统服务的总价值为14.61亿元/年,改善价值为98.58亿元/年。此外,公众对三江平原湿地的生态系统服务具有显著的偏好异质性。潜在分类模型中受访者可分为资源偏好型、景观偏好型和价格敏感型等3个潜在类别,不同类型的群体对湿地生态系统服务存在不同偏好。其中,资源偏好型的受访者所占比例最大(68.88%),显著高于景观偏好型(15.70%)和价格敏感型(15.42%)的受访者。分析各潜在类别可知,公众的社会经济特征和态度属性对其偏好异质性具有显著影响。女性和更高学历的受访者更偏好于资源保护,高收入和到景区旅游次数多的受访者更偏好于景观保护,而教育水平及收入水平越低的受访者更倾向于选择价格较低的湿地管理方案。研究有助于湿地可持续管理政策的优化设计,为相关环境政策的制定提供理论依据。
[Abstract]:Maintenance and protection of ecosystem service function is the basis of sustainable development. Quantitative evaluation of the economic value of ecosystem service function has become a frontier topic in the field of ecology. Wetland, as the most important natural habitat and one of the most productive ecosystems on the earth, can provide important ecological functions and services, which is closely related to the survival, reproduction and development of human beings. The quantitative analysis of its economic value is helpful to the rational decision of the exploitation and utilization of natural capital and to the progress of mankind. Because wetland ecosystem service is multi-faceted, its economic evaluation has multi-value, which leads to the diversity of individual preference. Therefore, it is essential to grasp the ecological preference and willingness of the public to pay, to understand the social perspective on the distribution of responsibilities for wetland protection, to improve the measurement of welfare, and to reflect social equity and ecological sustainability. Make the social decision-making mechanism scientific and reasonable distribution among all kinds of competition demand. At present, most of the researches on the service value of wetland ecosystem are limited to evaluating the economic value of a given site, but fail to reveal the heterogeneity of public preference. In this paper, a hypothetical market assessment method, selection experiment, is used to study the wetland in Sanjiang Plain, combining with the support services divided in the Millennium ecosystem Assessment to regulate the services. Four wetland ecosystem service function groups of supply service and culture service were selected to select the wetland area index which reflected the supply and service function of ecosystem service, the water conservation index to reflect the regulation service function. The biodiversity index of supporting service function and the natural landscape index which mainly reflected the function of cultural service were used to evaluate the wetland ecosystem service function by using logit model of random parameter. To assess quantitatively the willingness to pay for different ecosystem services in wetland ecological protection and to maintain and improve the compensatory residual value of wetland ecosystem services, The heterogeneity of public preference for wetland ecosystem services is confirmed and explained by the potential classification model. The results showed that the value of wetland ecosystem service in Sanjiang Plain was: water conservation, wetland area, natural landscape and biodiversity. The total value of current wetland ecosystem services is 1.461 billion yuan per year and the value of improvement is 9.858 billion yuan per year. In addition, the public has significant preference for ecosystem services in Sanjiang Plain wetland. In the potential classification model, the interviewees can be divided into three potential categories: resource preference type, landscape preference type and price-sensitive type. Different types of population have different preferences for wetland ecosystem services. The proportion of respondents with resource preference type was 68.88, significantly higher than that of landscape preference type 15.70) and price sensitive type 15.42%. By analyzing the potential categories, we can see that the social and economic characteristics and attitude attributes of the public have significant influence on their preference heterogeneity. Women and those with higher education preferred conservation of resources, while those with high incomes and more frequent trips to scenic spots preferred landscape conservation. The lower the education level and the lower the income level, the lower the price of wetland management. The study is helpful to the optimal design of wetland sustainable management policies and provides theoretical basis for the formulation of relevant environmental policies.
【学位授予单位】：东北农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X171.1;X826

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