饮用水微生物指标与介水传染病相关性研究

发布时间：2018-06-15 09:59

本文选题：饮用水 + 微生物指标　；参考：《中国疾病预防控制中心》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：目的:利用全国农村水质监测数据和疾病监测数据,分析介水传染病发病情况和饮用水微生物指标合格情况及其相关关系;利用全国突发性水污染事件数据,分析水污染事件发生规律和微生物指标检测结果,探究饮用水标准中微生物指标间的关系以及与介水传染病间的关系。方法:本研究申请获取了 2014年全国农村水质监测数据和全国疾病监测数据,通过数据整理,选择其中21个省1381个县的数据作为本研究的基础数据。对介水传染病发病情况,饮用水微生物指标监测情况和突发性水污染事件进行一般描述性分析;利用spearman相关分析总大肠菌群与耐热大肠菌群和大肠埃希氏菌之间的相关关系;将微生物指标监测结果分为5组,利用秩和检验分析4种微生物指标在不同水平下7种介水传染病的发病率情况,并进行差异性分析;同时,选择2起饮用水微生物污染导致的介水传染病爆发事件,利用饮用水标准中微生物指标检测结果进行健康风险模拟评估,比较与实际健康结果的一致性。本研究使用Excel 2016进行数据初步筛选整理,使用SAS 9.4进行数据的统计分析。结果:1.2014年1381个区县痢疾、感染性腹泻、伤寒、副伤寒、甲肝和戊肝6种介水传染病发病率分别为10.73/10万,67.68/10万,0.89/10万,0.31/10万,1.36/10万,2.4/10万。其中感染性腹泻发病率最高,痢疾次之;介水传染病发病率地区性差异较大。2.2014年1381个监测县共监测水样41005份,总大肠菌群超标的水样数为11102(27.07%),总大肠菌群不合格的情况下74.04%(8220/11102)的耐热大肠菌群不合格,40.53%(4500/11102)的大肠埃希氏菌不合格;总大肠菌群监测结果与耐热大肠菌群、大肠埃希氏菌监测结果呈正相关,相关系数分别为0.72和 0.36。3.总体上,痢疾发病率与总大肠菌群监测结果有关(x2=9.9695,P=0.0409);感染性腹泻、伤寒、副伤寒、甲肝和戊肝发病率与总大肠菌群、耐热大肠菌群、大肠埃希氏菌和菌落总数监测结果有关。4.2004-2013年全国119起突发性水污染事件中有详细报告信息的85起,其中因微生物引起的水污染事件56起,2起个案中微生物指标检测结果的健康风险模拟评估结果与事件实际健康结果较为一致。结论:1.总大肠菌群不合格的情况下可预测耐热大肠菌群和大肠埃希氏菌的不合格情况。2.痢疾发病率与总大肠菌群监测结果有关,感染性腹泻、伤寒、副伤寒、甲肝和戊肝发病率与总大肠菌群、耐热大肠菌群、大肠埃希氏菌和菌落总数监测结果相有。3.突发性微生物水污染事件中微生物指标检测结果的健康风险模拟评估结果与事件实际健康结果较为一致。
[Abstract]:Objective: to analyze the incidence of water-borne diseases and the qualification of drinking water microbial indicators and their correlation with the data of water quality monitoring and disease monitoring in rural areas of China, and to use the data of sudden water pollution events in China. This paper analyzes the regularity of water pollution events and the results of microbial index detection, and probes into the relationship between microbial indexes in drinking water standards and the relationship between them and water-borne diseases. Methods: the data of national rural water quality monitoring and national disease surveillance in 2014 were obtained. The data of 1381 counties in 21 provinces were selected as the basic data of this study. The incidence of water-borne diseases, the monitoring of microbial indicators in drinking water and the sudden water pollution events were analyzed by general descriptive analysis, and the correlation between total coliform group and heat-resistant coliform bacteria and Escherichia coli was analyzed by spearman correlation. The monitoring results of microbial indexes were divided into 5 groups. The incidence of 7 kinds of water-borne infectious diseases in different levels was analyzed by rank sum test, and the differences were analyzed. Two outbreaks of water-borne infectious diseases caused by microbial contamination in drinking water were selected, and the health risk was evaluated by using the results of microbial indicators in drinking water standards, and the results were compared with the actual health results. In this study, Excel 2016 was used for preliminary data screening and statistical analysis. Results: 1.The incidence of dysentery, infectious diarrhea, typhoid fever, paratyphoid fever, hepatitis A and hepatitis E in 1381 districts and counties in 2014 were 10.73 / 100 000, 0.89% / 100,000, 0.31% / 100 000 and 1.36% / 100 000 respectively. The incidence of infectious diarrhea was the highest, followed by dysentery, and the incidence of water-borne diseases was different in different regions. 2. In 2014, 41005 water samples were monitored in 1 321 surveillance counties. The total coliform group exceeded the standard water sample number was 11102% 27.07%, the total coliform group was 74.04% (8220% 11102%), the total coliform group was 40.53% 4500% 11102%), and the total coliform group monitoring result was related to the heat-resistant coliform group. There was a positive correlation between the monitoring results of Escherichia coli and the correlation coefficients of 0.72 and 0.36.3 respectively. In general, the incidence of dysentery was related to the results of total coliform group surveillance, and the incidence of infectious diarrhea, typhoid fever, paratyphoid fever, hepatitis A and hepatitis E was associated with the total coliform group and heat-resistant coliform group. The results of surveillance on the total number of Escherichia coli and colonies are related to 85 of the 119 incidents of sudden water pollution reported in the country from 2004 to 2013, Among them, the results of health risk simulation of microbiological indicators were consistent with the actual health results in 2 cases of 56 water pollution events caused by microbes. Conclusion 1. If the total coliform group is not qualified, the unqualified condition of heat resistant coliform group and Escherichia coli can be predicted. The incidence of dysentery was related to the surveillance results of total coliform bacteria, infectious diarrhea, typhoid fever, paratyphoid fever, hepatitis A and hepatitis E were closely related to total coliform group, heat-resistant coliform group, Escherichia coli and total number of colonies. The results of health risk simulation of microbiological indicators in sudden microbial water pollution events are in good agreement with the actual health results.
【学位授予单位】：中国疾病预防控制中心
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：R123.1

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