20世纪40-80年代的美国水污染治理研究

发布时间：2018-06-15 14:55

本文选题：美国 + 水污染治理　；参考：《河北师范大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着现今社会工业化、城市化、全球化的进程日益加速,环境问题日益暴露,全球范围内环境污染日益加重。美国在经济快速发展的初期,也面临着严重的环境污染问题,而所有问题中最严重的的就是空气和水的污染问题。20世纪40年代,随着工业、农业的现代化和城市化进程的加速,美国的河流、湖泊、海湾和地下水等水体均受到不同程度的污染。20世纪70年代以后,美国又面临酸雨性矿物排放、疏浚物、船舶污水垃圾等一系列问题。对此,美国通过不断制定和完善环境保护法律法规,建立水资源保护机制,改善了整体生态环境。文章截取20世纪40-80年代,以美国水污染治理为主题,从中央联邦层面和地方州级层面,对水污染治理进行了概述。一方面,梳理了美国联邦政府在水污染治理方面的努力,包括几部重要的法律的出台与修订完善,以及水污染治理机制是如何从无到有,步步推进的。另一方面,从地方层面探究了州一级层面的水污染治理情况,重点论述了州际水污染问题及其解决方案。进而深层次的对水污染的治理进行了简要的评价,包括影响水污染治理的因素,以及水污染治理中的不同环境利益主体间的博弈。文章主要内容作了如下安排:绪论部分包括研究的必要性即现实意义和学术价值,以及对此问题的学术史回顾,主要从原始文献、重要专著、具体论文、重要网站进行简要回顾,此外还包括了国内研究现状、研究的重难点、问题意识与研究思路、研究方法及创新点等。第一部分主要就美国联邦政府的水污染治理政策进行了简要论述,主要以时间为线索,纵向分析了美国水污染治理政策的逐步完善,以及水质的变化。第二部分从地方州一级治理主体出发,探讨了地方各州在水污染治理方面的努力,以及州际之间的冲突和矛盾的解决。第三部分对此时段内的水污染治理情况做了简要评析,包括影响水污染治理的因素,以及各利益主体间的相互博弈。当今我国正面临着严重的水污染问题,通过对美国水污染治理的分析,了解美国水污染治理的机制,能为我国水污染治理提供很好地借鉴,促进我国经济健康协调发展,加快生态文明建设。
[Abstract]:With the industrialization and urbanization of the modern society, the process of globalization accelerates day by day, the environmental problems are exposed day by day, and the environmental pollution in the whole world is worsening day by day. In the early years of rapid economic development, the United States also faced serious environmental pollution problems, and the most serious of all the problems were air and water pollution. In the 1940s, with the acceleration of the process of industry, agriculture modernization and urbanization, Rivers, lakes, bays and groundwater in the United States are polluted to varying degrees. Since the 1970s, the United States has been faced with a series of problems such as acid rain mineral discharge, dredging, ship sewage garbage and so on. In view of this, the United States has improved the overall ecological environment by making and perfecting environmental protection laws and regulations and establishing water resources protection mechanism. Based on the theme of water pollution control in the United States in the 40-80 's of the 20th century, this paper summarizes the water pollution treatment from the central federal level and the local state level. On the one hand, it combs the efforts of the United States federal government in water pollution control, including the introduction and improvement of several important laws, and how the water pollution control mechanism has been advanced step by step from scratch. On the other hand, the paper probes into the situation of water pollution control at the state level from the local level, and focuses on the interstate water pollution problem and its solution. Furthermore, the paper makes a brief evaluation on the treatment of water pollution, including the factors affecting the treatment of water pollution, and the game between different environmental stakeholders in water pollution control. The main contents of the article are as follows: the introduction part includes the necessity of the research, namely, the practical significance and academic value, and the review of the academic history of this issue, mainly from the original literature, the important monographs, the specific papers, The important websites are reviewed briefly, including the current situation of domestic research, the important and difficult points of the research, the consciousness of problems and research ideas, the research methods and the innovation points and so on. The first part mainly discusses the water pollution control policy of the federal government of the United States, mainly taking the time as the clue, analyzes the gradual improvement of the water pollution control policy of the United States and the change of the water quality. The second part discusses the efforts of the local states in water pollution control, as well as the conflicts and conflicts between the states. The third part makes a brief analysis on the situation of water pollution control in this period, including the factors affecting water pollution treatment, and the mutual game among the stakeholders. At present, our country is facing serious water pollution problem. By analyzing the water pollution control in the United States and understanding the mechanism of water pollution control in the United States, we can provide a good reference for water pollution control in our country and promote the healthy and coordinated development of our country's economy. We will speed up the construction of ecological civilization.
【学位授予单位】：河北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：X52

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