滇中引水工程对滇池草海水质改善效果预测与评价

发布时间：2018-06-17 06:05

  本文选题：滇池水功能区水质目标 + 滇中引水工程　； 参考：《昆明理工大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：滇池是云南省最大的淡水湖泊,具有城市供水、工农业生产用水、防洪、调蓄、旅游、水产养殖等多种功能,是昆明生存、发展的基础条件,对滇池流域地区的气候调节具有重要作用。迄今为止,已陆续投入了近500亿元治理滇池,六大工程“环湖截污、外流域调水及节水、入湖河道整治、农业农村面源治理、生态修复与建设、生态清淤”已全面实施,滇池水质逐渐好转。特别是2013年实施了牛栏江—滇池生态补水工程,对滇池外海进行水体置换修复,外海水质明显变好,改善速率加快,逐步从劣V类水质向V类过渡。但鉴于牛栏江补水量有限,入湖口有限,水体置换修复受到制约,外海整体水质改善效果不佳。目前,滇池治理已进入攻坚阶段,为了加快滇池治理,达到滇池水功能区水质目标(Ⅲ类),全面推进滇池治理精准、高效、攻坚措施。基于目前滇池治理状况,外流域调水对滇池水体进行置换修复,是治理滇池最直接、最有效方法。在“十三五”期间,云南省将实施滇中引水工程,来缓解滇中地区用水矛盾,计划向滇池生态补水3.59亿立方米,与牛栏江—滇池补水工程互为补充,实现滇池水环境的极大改善。在2016年云南省明确将滇池草海水环境综合整治工作作为滇池治理工作的重中之重和攻坚克难的突破口,滇池草海水质长期处于劣V类,治理已经迫在眉睫。为了改善滇池草海的水质,加快水生态环境转变,结合即将来临的滇中引水战略,本文通过对分水口,引水量方案的优化调整,探究滇中引水过程对草海水质最佳的置换修复效果,实现草海治理精准置换、精准修复,为今后草海水环境治理工作提供技术支撑和决策支持。本文的主要研究成果有:(1)针对滇中引水工程,设计大观河为分水口,西园隧道为出水口,对滇池草海水质置换效果比较好。(2)滇中引水工程对滇池草海水体置换后,在无外源污染物进入草海的理想状态下,从大观河单口引水8.5m3/s,湖体中CODcr、TN、TP指标达到Ⅲ类水质指标。(3)从大观河引水,主要通过扩散稀释作用对草海西南区域部分(王家堆渠下面)水体进行置换修复,置换速率相对较慢,置换难度较大,因此在滇中引水工程实施前加大对该区域的治理,或者根据水体置换效果可以考虑再增加一条王家堆渠分水口。(4)利用Mike21模型对草海生态补水工程效果进行模拟,较好的反映了污染物在湖泊中的扩散规律,模拟效果良好,说明二维水动力水质耦合模型在浅水湖泊的应用是合理可行的。
[Abstract]:Dianchi Lake is the largest freshwater lake in Yunnan Province. It has many functions such as urban water supply, industrial and agricultural production water, flood control, storage, tourism, aquaculture and so on. It is the basic condition for the survival and development of Kunming. It plays an important role in climate regulation in Dianchi basin. So far, nearly 50 billion yuan has been invested in the treatment of Dianchi Lake. Six major projects, such as "around the lake to intercept pollution, to transfer water and save water in the outer watershed, to renovate the river course into the lake, to harness agricultural rural non-point sources, to restore and build the ecological environment and to clear the silt of the lake," have been fully implemented. The water quality of Dianchi Lake improved gradually. Especially in 2013, Niulanjiang-Dianchi Lake ecological water supply project was carried out. The water quality was improved obviously and the rate of improvement was quickened, and the water quality was gradually changed from inferior V water quality to V type water quality in the offshore waters of Dianchi Lake. But in view of the limited amount of water supply in Niulanjiang River and the limited amount of water in the mouth of the lake, the water body replacement and restoration are restricted, and the improvement of the overall water quality in the open sea is not good. At present, Dianchi Lake treatment has entered a critical stage, in order to speed up the Dianchi Lake treatment, to achieve the water quality objectives of Dianchi Lake water function area (class 鈪，

本文编号：2030004