空气污染与公共健康:基于省际面板数据的实证研究

发布时间：2018-06-17 15:01

本文选题：空气污染 + 公共健康　；参考：《人口学刊》2017年05期

【摘要】：文章在Grossman提出的健康生产函数基础上引入空气污染因素并以烟粉尘排放量作为代理变量,采用2000~2015年的省际面板数据实证分析空气污染对居民公共健康的影响。研究发现烟粉尘排放造成的大气颗粒物污染对我国居民公共健康的损害非常显著,当加入经济发展、公共卫生和环保绿化等因素后其影响程度出现明显减弱,经济发展和公共服务水平的提高有助于降低空气污染对居民的健康损害风险,这也是污染导致的健康损害风险省区间存在显著差异的重要原因。模型检验结果显示,公共医疗卫生支出对空气污染造成的健康损害风险的抑制作用呈现倒U型变化特征且拐点值较大,当前各省区公共卫生财政支出水平对居民因空气污染造成健康损害风险的抑制作用尚不明显,这主要与我国医疗卫生体系不完善和公共卫生服务的结构效应密切相关。公共卫生支出的拐点效应也表明居民自身为空气污染造成的健康损害承担更多的医疗卫生成本,这无疑对落后地区和贫困群体造成更大的经济负担,不利于实现空气污染治理的公平。今后应严格控制烟粉尘排放,提高公共医疗卫生和环保绿化设施等公共服务水平,有效降低居民暴露概率和污染带来的健康风险。
[Abstract]:Based on the health production function proposed by Grossman, this paper introduces the air pollution factor and takes the smoke dust emission as the agent variable, and uses the provincial panel data from 2000 to 2015 to empirically analyze the impact of air pollution on the public health of residents. It is found that the atmospheric particulate pollution caused by the smoke dust emission is very significant to the public health of the residents in our country. After adding the factors such as economic development, public health and environmental protection and greening, the influence degree is obviously weakened. Economic development and the improvement of public service level can help to reduce the risk of health damage caused by air pollution to residents, which is also an important reason for the significant difference between provinces and regions in the risk of health damage caused by pollution. The results of model test showed that the inhibition effect of public health expenditure on the risk of health damage caused by air pollution showed the characteristics of inverted U-shaped change and the inflection point value was larger. At present, the effect of public health expenditure on the health damage risk caused by air pollution is not obvious, which is closely related to the imperfection of medical and health system and the structural effect of public health service in China. The inflection point effect of public health expenditure also shows that residents themselves bear more medical and health costs for the health damage caused by air pollution, which undoubtedly imposes a greater economic burden on backward areas and poor groups. Is not conducive to the realization of air pollution control fairness. In the future, it is necessary to strictly control the smoke and dust emission, improve the public service level such as public health care and environmental protection and greening facilities, and effectively reduce the exposure probability of residents and the health risks caused by pollution.
【作者单位】：吉林大学东北亚研究中心;长春市环境保护局;
【基金】：吉林大学种子基金项目:中国城市低碳生产率研究(2015BS002);吉林大学种子基金项目:我国流动人口社会融入的区域比较及对策研究(2015ZZ047)
【分类号】：R12;X51

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