Gemini胶团强化超滤法处理含镍和含铅废水的研究

发布时间：2018-06-17 21:31

本文选题：Gemini表面活性剂 + Gemini胶团强化超滤法　；参考：《哈尔滨工业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：镍和铅等重金属对人体有极大伤害,通过合适的处理手段使含镍和含铅废水达到相应的法规标准再排出是解决含镍和铅废水的有效途径。目前,化学氧化法、离子交换、化学沉淀、吸附法、电化学法和浮选法等方法得以广泛应用。但是以上方法大多存在处理条件苛刻、工艺过程复杂以及设备能耗大等不足。近年来,在处理重金属废水领域,胶团强化超滤法(MEUF)表现出了明显的技术优势,然而这种方法存在的表面活性剂使用量大,且易造成水体二次污染缺点,局限了其发展与使用。因此,本课题拟合成一种阴离子型Gemini表面活性剂(G1),将其应用于GMEUF法处理含镍废水及同时含镍和含铅废水的研究中,以克服传统MEUF法存在的表面活性剂用量大易造成二次污染的问题。优化工艺条件,并与应用传统MEUF法进行同条件比较,根据实验结果,对GMEUF法的优缺点做以客观的评价。具体研究内容如下:(1)制备Gemini表面活性剂G1,表征其纯度和结构。最终产出较高纯度的目标产物。(2)电导法测出的G1临界胶束浓度(CMC)数据值等于1.298×10-4 mol/L低于原用的表面活性剂SDS(十二烷基硫酸钠)(CMC=7.770×10-3 mol/L)约2个数量级。(3)利用自行合成的Gemini表面活性剂G1,应用GMEUF法对单独含镍废水的处理进行研究。实验结果可知:G1的用量为1 CMC(1.298×10-4 mol/L);运行时间为20 min;运行压力为0.07 MPa;pH值为5.20(不改变进料液的酸碱度)为最佳工艺条件。最佳工艺参数条件下五次重复性实验,截留率和回收比的相对标准偏差均不超过5%,说明本工艺重复性较强。并且与传统MEUF法(以SDS表面活性剂)进行对比,表面活性剂的投入量降低约100倍;渗透液中的表面活性剂降低约250倍;表面活性剂G1的去除效果提高约1.6倍。(4)利用自行合成的Gemini表面活性剂G1,应用GMEUF法对含镍和含铅混合废水的处理进行研究。结论如下:G1的投料量为1.5 CMC(1.947×10-4 mol/L);运行时间为20 min;运行压力为0.07 MPa;pH值为5.10(不改变进料液的酸碱度)为最佳工艺条件。最佳工艺参数条件下五次重复性实验,截留率和回收比的相对标准偏差均不超过5%,说明本工艺重复性较强。并且与传统MEUF法(以SDS表面活性剂)进行对比,表面活性剂的投入量降低约60倍;表面活性剂G1在渗透液中的含量下降约160倍;表面活性剂G1的去除效果上升约1.5倍。本课题的研究,不仅是对GMEUF处理含单一重金属废水的尝试,而且是对GMEUF处理含混合重金属废水领域应用的探索。
[Abstract]:Heavy metals such as nickel and lead have great harm to human body. It is an effective way to solve the waste water containing nickel and lead by proper treatment means to make the waste water containing nickel and lead meet the corresponding legal standard. At present, chemical oxidation, ion exchange, chemical precipitation, adsorption, electrochemical and flotation methods have been widely used. However, most of the above methods have some disadvantages, such as harsh treatment conditions, complex process and large energy consumption. In recent years, micelle enhanced ultrafiltration (MEUFF) has shown obvious technical advantages in the treatment of heavy metal wastewater. However, the application of surfactant in this method is large, and it is easy to cause secondary pollution of water, which limits its development and application. Therefore, a kind of anionic Gemini surfactant G _ (1) has been developed and applied to the treatment of nickel-containing wastewater by GMEUF process as well as to the treatment of wastewater containing both nickel and lead. In order to overcome the problem of secondary pollution caused by high dosage of surfactant in traditional mef method. The process conditions were optimized and compared with the same conditions using the traditional mef method. Based on the experimental results, the advantages and disadvantages of the GMEUF method were evaluated objectively. Gemini surfactant G _ 1 was prepared, and its purity and structure were characterized. Final high purity target product. 2) the G 1 critical micelle concentration data measured by conductance method is equal to 1.298 脳 10 ~ (-4) mol / L lower than that of the original surfactant SDS (sodium dodecyl sulfate 7.770 脳 10 ~ (-3) mol / L) by using the self-synthesized Gemini. The treatment of nickel-containing wastewater by GMEUF method was studied. The results show that the optimum technological conditions are the dosage of 1 CMCU 1.298 脳 10 ~ (-4) mol / L ~ (-1), the running time of 20 min and the pH value of 5.20 (without changing the pH of the feed solution) at the operating pressure of 0.07 MPA 路L ~ (-1). Under the optimum process parameters, the relative standard deviations of rejection rate and recovery ratio were not more than 5, which indicated that the process was more reproducible. Compared with the traditional MEUF method (SDS surfactant), the amount of surfactant input was reduced by about 100 times, and the surfactant in osmotic solution was reduced by about 250 times. The removal efficiency of surfactant G1 was improved by about 1.6 times. (4) the treatment of mixed wastewater containing nickel and lead was studied by GMEUF using Gemini surfactant G1, which was synthesized by ourselves. Conclusion the optimum technological conditions are as follows: 1. 5 CMCU 1.947 脳 10 ~ (-4) mol 路L ~ (-1) L ~ (-1), running time 20 min and running pressure 0.07 MPA ~ (-1) pH 5.10 (without changing the pH of the feed). Under the optimum process parameters, the relative standard deviations of rejection rate and recovery ratio were not more than 5, which indicated that the process was more reproducible. Compared with the traditional MEUF method (SDS surfactant), the amount of surfactant input decreased about 60 times, the content of surfactant G1 in osmotic solution decreased about 160 times, and the removal efficiency of surfactant G1 increased about 1.5 times. The research of this subject is not only the attempt of GMEUF to treat the wastewater containing single heavy metals, but also the exploration of the application of GMEUF in the treatment of wastewater containing mixed heavy metals.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X703;TQ423

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