利用季铵盐壳聚糖控制铜绿微囊藻的研究

发布时间：2018-06-22 14:31

本文选题：铜绿微囊藻 + 控制　；参考：《山东大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来,蓝藻水华在我国多个湖泊频有发生,对人们的生产和生活造成了严重影响。作为水源地的湖泊发生蓝藻水华,不仅会破坏水体生态环境,藻细胞破损释放胞内藻毒素到水体中,还会直接威胁饮用水安全。铜绿微囊藻是我国常见水华藻属,其细胞破损释放的微囊藻毒素分布广泛、毒性大,受到全球的关注。在常规饮用水处理工艺中,混凝沉淀阶段是藻细胞去除率最高的单元,大量藻细胞经过混凝作用从水体转移到絮体中形成含藻底泥。在混凝过程中藻类的去除需要投加大量的无机混凝剂,而混凝剂中的铁、铝离子残留可能会造成二次污染从而影响水质。因此,寻找一种投加量低、可降解且无污染的有机混凝剂可有效解决这一问题。季铵盐壳聚糖(HTCC)作为一种新型的无害环保材料,多被用在抗菌,絮凝等方面。对于蓝藻水华爆发期间,季铵盐壳聚糖对蓝藻细胞的控制性研究还很少。因此,研究季铵盐壳聚糖对铜绿微囊藻生长状况的影响,及其作为混凝剂,对蓝藻细胞的去除效果具有重要的意义,可为其控制铜绿微囊藻的应用提供理论依据。本论文模拟水华发生期的高藻水,研究了不同剂量的季铵盐壳聚糖对铜绿微囊藻生长状况及藻毒素释放的影响;利用季铵盐壳聚糖混凝处理含藻水,研究混凝过程对藻细胞去除及细胞破损情况、含藻底泥堆置过程中藻细胞的破损及毒素释放情况。在课题研究期间,取得如下结果:(1)有效抑制水华期(106cells/mL)铜绿微囊藻的季铵盐壳聚糖最佳投加浓度为1.2mg/L,在此浓度下,藻毒素释放较少。(2)本研究优化所得有效去除水华期(106 cells/mL)铜绿微囊藻(FACHB-905)的最佳混凝条件为:混凝剂HTCC 1.5 mg/L,快搅速度300 rpm,快搅时间0.5 min,慢搅速度60 rpm,慢搅时间30 min。(3)在HTCC混凝过程中,绝大部分藻细胞基本被有效无破损的去除,混凝剂剂量和搅拌条件的变化也没有造成藻细胞破损。(4)HTCC作为混凝剂形成的絮体尺寸大,结构稳定,具有良好的沉降性能。(5)在絮体储存过程中,藻细胞受到絮体保护和HTCC损害双重作用。在最佳混凝条件下,絮体储存过程中细胞破损所需要的时间明显比常规沉淀池污泥排放周期要长,这意味着用HTCC作为混凝剂,形成的絮体是安全的。
[Abstract]:In recent years, cyanobacteria Shui Hua occurs frequently in many lakes in China, which has a serious impact on people's production and life. The occurrence of cyanobacteria Shui Hua in lakes, which is the source of water, not only destroys the ecological environment of water, but also directly threatens the safety of drinking water. Microcystis aeruginosa is a common genus of Shui Hua algae in China. In the conventional drinking water treatment process, coagulation sedimentation stage is the highest removal rate of algal cells, a large number of algal cells are transferred from water to floc to form algal sediment after coagulation. The removal of algae in the coagulation process requires a large amount of inorganic coagulants, and the residual iron and aluminum ions in the coagulant may cause secondary pollution and thus affect the water quality. Therefore, to find a low dosage, degradable and pollution-free organic coagulant can effectively solve this problem. Quaternary ammonium chitosan (HTCC), as a new kind of environmentally friendly material, is widely used in antibacterial and flocculation. During the Shui Hua outbreak of cyanobacteria, there were few studies on the control effect of quaternary ammonium chitosan on cyanobacteria cells. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the effect of quaternary ammonium chitosan on the growth of microcystis aeruginosa and its effect on the removal of cyanobacteria cells as coagulant, which can provide a theoretical basis for the control of microcystis aeruginosa. In this paper, the effects of different doses of quaternary ammonium chitosan on the growth of microcystis aeruginosa and the release of phycotoxin were studied by simulating the high algal water during the occurrence of Shui Hua, and the algae-containing water was treated with quaternary ammonium chitosan coagulation. To study the effect of coagulation on the removal of algal cells and cell breakage, the damage of algal cells and the release of toxins during the process of algal sediment stacking. During the course of the study, the following results were obtained: (1) the best concentration of quaternary ammonium chitosan was 1.2 mg / L in the Shui Hua phase (106 cells / mL) of microcystis aeruginosa. (2) the optimum coagulation conditions for the removal of FACHB-905 from Shui Hua phase were as follows: HTCC 1.5 mg / L, fast stirring speed 300rpm, fast stirring time 0.5 min, slow stirring speed 60 rpm, slow stirring time 30 min. (3) in the coagulation process of HTCC, the optimum coagulation conditions were as follows: HTCC 1.5 mg / L, fast stirring speed 300 rpm, slow stirring speed 60 rpm, and slow stirring time 30 min. (3) in the coagulation process of HTCC, the optimum coagulation conditions were: HTCC 1.5 mg / L, fast stirring speed 300 rpm, slow stirring time 0.5 min, slow stirring time 30 min. Most of the algal cells were effectively removed without damage, and the changes of coagulant dosage and stirring conditions did not result in the damage of algal cells. (4) the flocs formed by HTCC as coagulant were large in size and stable in structure. (5) during floc storage, algal cells were protected by flocs and damaged by HTCC. Under the optimum coagulation conditions, the time required for cell breakage in the storage process of flocs is obviously longer than that in conventional sedimentation tanks, which means that the flocs formed with HTCC as coagulant are safe.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X52

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