航空器排放对机场大气环境影响的研究

发布时间：2018-06-23 22:28

本文选题：机场 + 航空器发动机排放　；参考：《中国民航大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：航空器发动机排放是民用机场大气污染物的主要来源之一,航空器排放对机场及其周围大气环境质量有重要影响。我国在航空器排放大气影响方面的研究刚刚起步,开展有关工作对改善机场大气质量,完善机场环境影响评价内容、方法和促进机场绿色发展均有重要意义。论文系统分析了航空器排放污染物的类型及生成机理。根据航空器发动机排放标准,对减少排放的各种原理性措施进行了分析和归纳。在对发动机排放特性和排放结果影响因素分析的基础上,建立了航空器排放量的修正计算模型。借助该模型和专用计算工具,可对机场所有航空器任意时段内的排放总量进行估算。通过对大气环境运动特点及稀释原理的分析,确定了航空器排放污染物在机场大气作用下的扩散影响因素,建立了污染物的机场大气扩散点、线源扩散模型及年均扩散预测模型,应用上述模型可计算出污染物在预测时段内的扩散空间范围和浓度三维分布。通过调整航空器类型、滑行时间、运行时段等影响因子,应用实际计算结果的对比分析确定了可控因子。针对目前我国在机场大气环境评价基本处于空白状态的问题,论文建立了机场大气评价基本流程、确定了航空器排放量及浓度评价因子及评价标准,提出了机场规划及机场运行中消减航空器污染物影响的多种措施。
[Abstract]:Aircraft engine emissions are one of the main sources of air pollutants in civil airports. Aircraft emissions have an important impact on the quality of the air environment in and around the airport. The research on the atmospheric impact of aircraft emissions in China has just started. It is of great significance to improve the air quality of the airport, to improve the content of the airport environmental impact assessment, to improve the method and to promote the green development of the airport. In this paper, the types of pollutants emitted from aircraft and the formation mechanism are systematically analyzed. According to the emission standard of aircraft engine, this paper analyzes and summarizes various kinds of principle measures to reduce emission. Based on the analysis of the engine emission characteristics and the factors affecting the emission results, a modified calculation model of aircraft emissions is established. With the help of the model and special calculation tools, the total emission of all aircraft in the airport can be estimated at any time. Based on the analysis of the characteristics of atmospheric environmental movement and dilution principle, the factors affecting the diffusion of pollutants emitted from aircraft under the influence of the airport atmosphere are determined, and the airport atmospheric diffusion point of the pollutants is established. The linear source diffusion model and the annual diffusion prediction model can be used to calculate the spatial range and concentration distribution of pollutants in the predicted period. By adjusting the influence factors of aircraft type, gliding time and running period, the controllable factors are determined by comparing and analyzing the actual calculation results. In order to solve the problem that the air environment assessment of the airport is basically blank in our country at present, the paper establishes the basic process of the airport atmosphere evaluation, and determines the evaluation factors and evaluation criteria of the aircraft emissions and concentration. Several measures are put forward to reduce the impact of aircraft pollutants in airport planning and airport operation.
【学位授予单位】：中国民航大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：V351;X738

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