基于生态敏感性和生态系统服务的黑河中游生态功能区划与生态系统管理

发布时间：2018-06-28 23:37

本文选题：生态敏感性 + 生态系统服务　；参考：《中国沙漠》2017年01期

【摘要】：生态功能区划是协调生态保护与经济发展的矛盾、实施区域生态系统管理的重要途径。以黑河中游为研究区,基于基础地理信息数据、自然地理数据和土地覆被数据(1986、1995、2000、2010、2011年),在生态敏感性和生态系统服务重要性分析的基础上,以最小子流域为基本单元,运用二阶聚类法进行生态功能区划;并依据主导生态系统服务对研究区进行分区管理与生态调控。得出结论:(1)黑河中游生态系统类型以荒漠、草地和农田为主,占总面积的90%;森林、水域、城镇与农村居民点零星分布,所占面积不到10%;1986—2010年,农田经历了减少-扩张-再减少的变化,但城镇与农村居民点一直呈现扩张趋势;(2)西北部生态敏感性明显高于东南部,其中极敏感区(约占24%)主要位于张掖-临泽-高台平原北侧、合黎山、祁连山山前戈壁与荒漠、肃南明花区;高度敏感区(约占58%)分布于走廊中部冲洪积平原;(3)各生态系统服务重要性空间分布格局具有一定的相似性,非常重要和极重要综合服务功能区约占3.2%,位于走廊中部的黑河干流缓冲区内;中等和一般重要地区约占20%,分布在山丹和民乐境内祁连山、焉支山、龙首山附近;(4)黑河中游可分为祁连山森林草地生态区、走廊冲洪积平原农田生态区和走廊北部平原灌丛荒漠生态区3个生态区8个生态功能区,依其主导生态系统服务分为生态保育区、生态协调区和生态控制区3类,进而提出了对应的生态系统管理措施。
[Abstract]:Ecological functional regionalization is an important way to coordinate the contradiction between ecological protection and economic development and to implement regional ecosystem management. Taking the middle reaches of the Heihe River as the study area, based on the basic geographic information data, the physical geography data and the land cover data (19861995 / 20002010, 2011), based on the analysis of the ecological sensitivity and the importance of ecosystem services, the minimum subbasin is taken as the basic unit. The second order clustering method was used to carry out the ecological function regionalization, and the district management and ecological regulation were carried out according to the dominant ecosystem services. The conclusions are as follows: (1) the main ecosystem types in the middle reaches of Heihe River are desert, grassland and farmland, accounting for 90 percent of the total area; forests, waters, towns and rural residential areas are scattered, accounting for less than 10% of the total area from 1986 to 2010. The farmland experienced the change of decreasing, expanding and decreasing, but the urban and rural residential areas showed a trend of expansion. (2) the ecological sensitivity of the northwest was significantly higher than that of the southeast. The most sensitive area (about 24%) is located in the north side of Zhangye-Linze-Gaotai Plain, Heli Mountain, Qilian Mountain, Gobi and Desert, Sunaming Flower area; The highly sensitive areas (about 58%) are distributed in the alluvial plain in the middle of the corridor. (3) the spatial distribution pattern of the importance of ecosystem services is similar. The very important and extremely important integrated service functional areas, about 3.2, are located in the buffer zone of the main Heihe River in the middle of the corridor, and about 20 in the middle and most important areas, distributed in the Qilian Mountains and the Yanzhi Mountains in Shandan and Minle. Near Longshou Mountain (4) the middle reaches of Heihe River can be divided into three ecological regions: the ecological region of forest and grassland in Qilian Mountains, the farmland ecological region of alluvial flood plain in the corridor and the ecological region of shrub and desert in the northern part of the corridor. According to its dominant ecosystem services, it can be divided into three types: ecological conservation area, ecological coordination area and ecological control area, and the corresponding ecosystem management measures are put forward.
【作者单位】：北京大学城市与环境学院/地表过程分析与模拟教育部重点实验室;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(41371097)
【分类号】：X321;X171

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