厌氧氨氧化反应器的快速启动及有机砷对鸟粪石结晶过程的影响

发布时间：2018-07-03 11:12

本文选题：厌氧氨氧化 + 接种污泥　；参考：《合肥工业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来,大量的氮磷被直接排入自然水体当中,导致水体富营养化和藻类大量繁殖。厌氧氨氧化工艺由于具有高效、节能、无需碳源和污泥产量少等优点而备受青睐。该工艺适合处理低碳氮比的高氨氮废水,但其启动所需时间较长,导致该工艺的应用受到了限制。鸟粪石沉淀法可以同时去除氮磷元素,并且得到的结晶产物是一种高品位的缓释复合肥料。但是从废水中回收的鸟粪石沉淀可能会含有其他有毒物质,这可能对环境造成二次污染。本论文中主要探究了厌氧氨氧化反应器的启动策略和有机砷化合物对鸟粪石结晶过程的影响。具体结论如下:(1)研究了两个厌氧氨氧化反应器的启动。R1和R2反应器分别以剩余污泥和混合污泥作为接种物启动Anammox反应器。R1和R2反应器均启动成功并稳定运行,其总氮容积负荷分别达到224和570 g-N/m~3/d,在R1反应器中没有颗粒污泥形成,而R2反应器在45天开始出现红色的颗粒污泥,表明接种部分厌氧颗粒污泥可以促进Anammox污泥颗粒化。R1和R2反应器中的Anammox菌均属于Candidatus_Kuenenia属,其相对丰度分别达到16.4%和27.4%。实验结果表明了接种少量Anammox污泥可以促进Anammox反应器的启动。(2)探究了接种策略对厌氧氨氧化反应器启动的影响。以活性污泥作为作为接种污泥启动Anammox反应器的所需时间短于以厌氧颗粒污泥作为接种污泥的Anammox反应器。厌氧颗粒污泥组反应器在培养55天后各实验组总氮容积负荷为35 g-N/m~3/d,总氮去除率分别为4.5%、10.0%、17.8%、21.5%和29.8%。活性污泥组反应器的启动时间分别为30 d、17 d、11 d、9 d和6 d。2-1组总氮容积负荷为35 g-N/m~3/d,而2-2、2-3、2-4和2-5组总氮容积负荷达170 g-N/m~3/d,总氮去除率分别为44.9%、79.3%、82.2%、74.5%和79.7%。添加Anammox污泥可以明显促进活性污泥组反应器的启动,而对颗粒污泥组的促进作用不明显,这可能是由于接种污泥中菌群的差异所导致。(3)探究了在有机砷对鸟粪石结晶过程的影响。结果表明阿散酸、洛克沙胂、三价砷和五价砷对鸟粪石法除磷效果没有明显的影响,但它们会影响鸟粪石晶体的粒径和表面形态。鸟粪石沉淀产物中砷化合物的含量主要受到pH的影响。在鸟粪石沉淀产物中阿散酸、洛克沙胂、五价砷与三价砷的最大含量分别为15.6、35.5、25.2和2325.0 mg/kg。阿散酸和洛克沙胂的含量随着pH的上升而减少,而三价砷和五价砷的含量会随着pH的上升而增加。五价砷可以形成砷酸铵镁并与鸟粪石一起沉淀,而其它几种砷化合物主要被鸟粪石晶体的表面作用力吸附而沉淀。
[Abstract]:In recent years, a large amount of nitrogen and phosphorus has been discharged directly into the natural water, resulting in eutrophication and algal proliferation. Anaerobic ammoxidation process is favored for its advantages of high efficiency, energy saving, no carbon source and less sludge production. This process is suitable for the treatment of high ammonia nitrogen wastewater with low C / N ratio, but it takes a long time to start up, so the application of this process is limited. The precipitation method of guano stone can remove nitrogen and phosphorus at the same time, and the crystallization product is a kind of high grade slow-release compound fertilizer. But the precipitate of bird dung recovered from waste water may contain other toxic substances, which may cause secondary pollution to the environment. In this paper, the start-up strategy of anaerobic ammonia oxidation reactor and the effect of organic arsenic compounds on the crystallization process of guano were studied. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the start-up of two anaerobic ammonia oxidation reactors. R1 and R2 were studied. The Anammox reactors. R1 and R2 were started successfully and stably with surplus sludge and mixed sludge as inoculants, respectively. The volumetric loading of total nitrogen reached 224 and 570 g / n / m ~ (-1) / d, respectively, and there was no granular sludge formation in R1 reactor, while in R2 reactor red granular sludge began to appear at 45 days. The results showed that inoculated part of anaerobic granular sludge could promote the granulation of Anammox sludge. R1 and R2 reactors both belonged to Candidatus Kuenenia, and their relative abundance reached 16.4% and 27.4%, respectively. The results showed that inoculation with a small amount of Anammox sludge could promote the start-up of Anammox reactor. (2) the effect of inoculation strategy on the start-up of anaerobic ammonia oxidation reactor was investigated. It takes less time to start Anammox reactor with activated sludge as inoculation sludge than Anammox reactor with anaerobic granular sludge as inoculation sludge. After 55 days of culture, the total nitrogen volumetric load of each experimental group was 35 g / N / m ~ (-1) / d, and the removal rate of total nitrogen was 4. 5% 10.0 ~ 17. 8% and 29. 8% respectively. The start-up time of activated sludge reactor was 30 days, 17 days, 11 days, 9 days and 6 d.2-1, respectively, and the total nitrogen volumetric load was 35 g N / m ~ 3 / d, while that of 2 ~ 2 ~ 2 ~ 2 ~ 3 ~ 3 ~ 2 ~ 4 and 2 ~ 5 groups reached 170 g ~ N / m ~ (-1) / d, respectively. The total nitrogen removal rates were 74.5% and 79.7%, respectively. The addition of Anammox sludge could obviously promote the start-up of activated sludge reactor, but the effect on granular sludge group was not obvious. This may be due to the difference of microflora in inoculated sludge. (3) the effect of organic arsenic on the crystallization process of guano stone was investigated. The results showed that arsonic acid, roxarsone, trivalent arsenic and pentavalent arsenic had no significant effect on the removal of phosphorus by guano stone method, but they could affect the crystal size and surface morphology of guanzonite. The content of arsenic compounds in the precipitated product of guano stone is mainly affected by pH. The maximum contents of arsonic acid, roxarsone, pentavalent arsenic and trivalent arsenic in the precipitated product of guanzonite were 15.6mg / kg and 2325.0 mg / kg, respectively. The contents of arsonic acid and roxarsone decreased with the increase of pH, while the contents of trivalent and pentavalent arsenic increased with the increase of pH. Pentavalent arsenic can form magnesium ammonium arsenate and precipitate with guano, while other arsenic compounds are mainly adsorbed by the surface force of the crystal.
【学位授予单位】：合肥工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X703

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