贵州省喀斯特石漠化生态破坏经济损失价值评估

发布时间：2018-07-13 11:10

【摘要】：我国西南地区是世界上喀斯特生态环境发育程度最高,同时也是世界上最大的连片裸露碳酸盐分布区之一,碳酸盐岩出露面积达90多万平方公里,约占中国国土总面积的1/9。由于特殊的自然生态环境,加之人类不合理的社会经济活动的影响,导致石漠化生态问题突出。石漠化作为我国主要的生态问题之一,严重影响了我国西南地区社会经济的发展,我国石漠化主要发生在贵州、云南、广西、广东、湖南、湖北、重庆、四川八省(市),其中贵州省石漠化土地面积最大,为302.4×104hm2,占石漠化总面积的25.2%,石漠化程度深,石漠化地区人口密度大,贫困人口较为集中。石漠化问题影响了贵州省人民的生产生活,阻碍了社会经济的发展。国家在十三五规划中将“扶贫”问题列入重点项目,因此,对贵州省石漠化经济损失进行合理评估,提出相应的对策建议,进行石漠化的防治优化研究刻不容缓。本文通过对贵州省及其各州市石漠化现状、1995-2011年间石漠化的演变状况进行分析的基础上,判断贵州省石漠化问题对社会经济发展造成的不良影响,将石漠化经济损失分为直接损失、间接损失,选取土壤肥力流失损失、土地废弃损失、泥沙滞留损失、泥沙淤积损失等指标,构建贵州省石漠化生态破坏经济损失核算的指标体系。在此基础上对贵州省1995-2011年间不同年份石漠化生态破坏经济损失进行实物量及价值量核算。其结果表明1995-2011年贵州省石漠化经济损失总价值呈逐渐下降的变化趋势,其变动趋势与石漠化面积变动趋势基本一致。1995年经济损失价值为518.37亿元,2011年下降至371.13亿元,价值存量减少147.24亿元,年均减少9.20亿元。石漠化经济损失价值占贵州省GDP比重呈下降趋势,由77.59%下降至6.51%。1995年贵州省石漠化生态破坏经济损失价值与第一产业之比为217.34%,2011年下降至51.10%,1995年前贵州省农业生产的负面效益大,农业生产处于不可持续。贵州省人均石漠化生态损失负荷值呈增长趋势,2000年以前农民人均纯收入小于人均负荷值,农业人口生态载荷重,进一步加剧了贫困。目前,贵州省石漠化治理的投入远远小于石漠化生态破坏的损失价值,石漠化治理任重道远,应加大投入,减少经济损失。本文通过对石漠化经济损失核算的研究,提出相应的建议,为提高贵州省喀斯特石漠化综合治理水平,进而进一步降低石漠化经济损失价值提供理论指导和借鉴意义。
[Abstract]:Southwest China is the world's highest level of karst ecological environment development, but also one of the world's largest bare carbonate distribution area, carbonate rocks exposed area of more than 900,000 square kilometers, accounting for about 1 / 9 of the total land area of China. Because of the special natural ecological environment and the influence of human unreasonable social and economic activities, the ecological problem of rocky desertification is prominent. Rocky desertification, as one of the main ecological problems in China, has seriously affected the social and economic development of southwest China. Rocky desertification in China mainly occurs in Guizhou, Yunnan, Guangxi, Guangdong, Hunan, Hubei, Chongqing, Eight provinces (cities) in Sichuan Province, Guizhou Province has the largest land area of rocky desertification, accounting for 302.4 脳 10 ~ 4 hm ~ 2, accounting for 25.2% of the total area of rocky desertification, the degree of rocky desertification is deep, the density of population in rocky desertification area is large, and the poor population is relatively concentrated. Rocky desertification affects the production and life of Guizhou people and hinders the development of social economy. In the 13th Five-Year Plan, the problem of "poverty alleviation" is included as a key item. Therefore, it is urgent to make a reasonable assessment of the economic losses of rocky desertification in Guizhou Province, put forward corresponding countermeasures and suggestions, and carry out the research on the optimization of the prevention and control of rocky desertification without delay. Based on the analysis of the evolution of rocky desertification in Guizhou Province and its cities during 1995-2011, this paper judges the adverse effects of rock desertification problems on social and economic development in Guizhou Province. The economic loss of rocky desertification is divided into direct loss, indirect loss, loss of soil fertility loss, loss of land abandonment, loss of sediment retention, loss of sediment deposition, etc. To construct the index system of economic loss accounting of rock desertification ecological destruction in Guizhou province. On this basis, the economic losses of rock desertification ecological destruction in different years from 1995 to 2011 in Guizhou Province were calculated in terms of physical quantity and value. The results show that the total value of the economic loss of rocky desertification in Guizhou Province decreased gradually from 1995 to 2011, and the change trend is basically consistent with the change trend of rocky desertification area. The economic loss value of Guizhou Province was 51.837 billion yuan in 1995 and 37.113 billion yuan in 2011. The value of the stock decreased by 14.724 billion yuan, an annual decrease of 920 million yuan. The value of economic loss of rocky desertification in Guizhou's GDP decreased from 77.59% to 6.51% in 1995. The ratio of economic loss value to primary industry of rock desertification ecological damage in Guizhou Province was 217.34 in 1995 and 51.10 in 2011. Before 1995, the negative benefit of Guizhou's agricultural production was large. Agricultural production is unsustainable. The per capita ecological loss load value of rocky desertification in Guizhou Province showed an increasing trend. Before 2000, the per capita net income of farmers was less than the per capita load value, and the ecological load of agricultural population was heavy, which further aggravated poverty. At present, the investment of rocky desertification control in Guizhou Province is far less than the lost value of ecological destruction of rocky desertification, so it is necessary to increase investment and reduce economic losses. Based on the study of the economic loss accounting of rocky desertification, this paper puts forward corresponding suggestions, which can provide theoretical guidance and reference significance for improving the comprehensive control level of karst rocky desertification in Guizhou Province and further reducing the value of economic loss of rocky desertification.
【学位授予单位】：贵州财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X826;F127

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