重金属与苯并芘在贻贝体内的复合毒性效应

发布时间：2018-08-09 07:48

【摘要】：本论文着眼于典型环境污染物——重金属(Cu、Zn、Cd和Pb)与有机物(BaP和PCBs)复合存在条件下产生的海洋生物毒性效应。采用浙江海域经济物种厚壳贻贝(Mytilus galloprovincialis)作为模式生物,研究复合暴露条件下,贻贝细胞和组织水平生物标记物的反应。本论文应用新鲜制备的贻贝单细胞作为受试对象,采用体外实验方法,研究重金属与PCBs复合造成的基因毒性效应,包括DNA损伤与微核生成率的变化。体外实验结果显示,鳃细胞对单独重金属Cu或Zn的敏感性强于血细胞和消化腺细胞,表明基因毒性的组织特异性;重金属与PCBs复合条件下能够产生更强的毒性效应,表明两种污染物之间协同的相互作用。为了更好地了解复合污染物经生物体代谢、转化产生的毒性效应,本论文进一步以贻贝个体为对象,采用体内实验体系,研究复合污染下的基因毒性效应和组织病理损伤。结果显示,随着暴露时间增加,不同组织细胞中的基因毒性效应显著增强,消化腺组织管壁厚度显著减小,表明测定条件下,毒性效应具有显著时间-效应关系,且两种标记物的检测结果一致;不同复合条件产生的毒性效应不同(协同或拮抗),表明污染物之间的相互作用与污染物的物化特性相关。对比体内、外两种体系结果发现,短期体内实验结果与体外实验一致,验证体外实验作为快速检测环境污染物对生物胁迫响应手段的可行性。本研究中第一次结合体内、外实验体系,研究环境污染物共存对贻贝的复合毒性效应,为后期毒性机制研究提供科学数据,也为利用新鲜制备的贻贝单细胞作为生态毒理学研究和环境监测中工具提供理论依据。
[Abstract]:This paper focuses on the marine biological toxicity of typical environmental pollutants, heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb) and organic compounds (BaP and PCBs). Using the economic species thick shell mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis) in Zhejiang sea area as a model organism, the Mytilus cells and tissue level organisms under complex exposure conditions are studied. In this paper, we used fresh mussel cells as subjects to study the genotoxic effects of heavy metal and PCBs combined in vitro, including the changes of DNA damage and micronucleus formation. In vitro, the sensitivity of gill cells to single heavy metal Cu or Zn was stronger than that of blood cells and elimination. The tissue specificity of the gene toxicity, which can produce more toxic effects under the combination of heavy metals and PCBs, indicating the synergistic interaction between the two pollutants. In order to better understand the toxic effects of the compound pollutants through biological metabolism and transformation, this paper further uses the body of mussels as the object and use the body. The results showed that, with the increase of exposure time, the gene toxicity effect in different tissue cells increased significantly, and the thickness of the digestive gland tissue tube wall decreased significantly, indicating that the toxicity effect had significant time effect relationship and two kinds of markers under the condition of determination. The results of the test were the same. The toxic effects of different compound conditions were different (synergistic or antagonistic), which showed that the interaction between the pollutants was related to the physicochemical properties of the pollutants. In contrast, the results of the two systems in the body were found to be consistent with the in vitro experiment, which proved that in vitro experiment as a rapid detection of environmental pollutants. The first time in this study, in this study, the combined toxicity of environmental pollutants to mussels was studied in vivo and in vitro, providing scientific data for the study of late toxicity mechanism, and providing a theoretical basis for the use of fresh mussel single cells as a tool for ecological toxicology research and environmental monitoring.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X171.5

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