室内苯污染胁迫下耐阴观叶植物抗性能力与机理机制研究

发布时间：2018-08-09 20:29

【摘要】：当今人类已进入第三污染期——室内化学污染期,苯是室内空气污染的“三大隐形杀手”之一,致癌、致畸性极强,对人们的生命安全和健康构成严重威胁。室内耐阴观叶植物具有很强的吸收、降解、固定、转移污染物的特性和能力,对室内苯化学污染具有安全稳定、持续高效的净化效果。室内植物生态修复技术已成为治理室内苯污染的有效途径和重要手段。研究选择对室内化学污染净化修复效果较好的8种常见室内耐阴观叶植物,采用三次重复、随机区组实验设计,对其进行不同浓度的苯污染密闭熏气胁迫实验,采用方差分析、多重比较分析及隶属函数值法综合分析植物生理生化指标的变化,研究室内苯污染胁迫下耐阴观叶植物的抗性能力；筛选6种抗性能力最强的实验植物,通过相关性分析及主成分分析,揭示其抗性能力强的原因,研究室内苯污染胁迫下耐阴观叶植物的抗性机理机制。研究结果表明：1.室内苯污染胁迫下耐阴观叶植物抗性能力研究(1)实验植物的Chl及MDA含量、O2·-产生速率、可溶性糖及可溶性蛋白含量、POD及APX活性、叶液pH变化受植物种类、苯浓度及其交互作用的影响差异均极显著；(2)不同浓度的苯胁迫后,实验植物的MDA及可溶性蛋白含量、O2·-产生速率、POD及APX活性均呈上升趋势；Chl及可溶性糖含量、叶液pH均呈下降趋势；(3)综合各项生理生化指标变化及隶属函数值综合评定分析表明：对苯污染胁迫抗性能力最强的室内耐阴观叶植物为金边虎尾兰,其次为长寿花,银边吊兰最弱。2.室内苯污染胁迫下耐阴观叶植物抗性机理机制研究(1)随着苯胁迫浓度的升高,实验植物的Chl含量与O2·-产生速率的高度负相关性先减弱后不变,与可溶性蛋白含量的中度负相关性先增强后不变；MDA含量与02·-产生速率的高度正相关性持续减弱；O2·-产生速率与APX活性及POD活性的高度正相关性先减弱后不变；可溶性蛋白含量与APX活性的中度正相关性先不变后增强。(2)实验植物抗逆指标的第一主成分中MDA含量、O2·-产生速率、APX活性为主要抗逆指标,随着苯胁迫浓度的升高,MDA含量荷载先不变后减小,02-产生速率荷载先不变后增大,APX活性荷载先增大后减小；第二主成分中POD活性为主要抗逆指标,随着苯胁迫浓度的升高,其荷载先减小后不变。(3)综合实验植物抗逆指标的相关性及主成分分析表明：室内苯污染胁迫导致植物生物膜相变的直接损害以及光合呼吸系统受损和新陈代谢紊乱的间接损害；植物主要通过抗氧化酶系(APX、POD)对活性氧自由基的清除作用以及生物大分子(可溶性蛋白)对生物膜系统的修复和对新陈代谢的促进作用维持自身抗性,且随着苯胁迫浓度的升高,前者先增强后减弱,后者持续增强,但前者始终起主要作用。
[Abstract]:Nowadays, people have entered the third pollution period-indoor chemical pollution period. Benzene is one of the "three invisible killers" of indoor air pollution. Benzene is carcinogenic and teratogenic, which poses a serious threat to the safety and health of people. Indoor foliage plants with strong absorption, degradation, fixation, transfer characteristics and ability to transfer pollutants, chemical pollution of indoor benzene has a safe and stable, continuous and efficient purification effect. Indoor plant ecological restoration technology has become an effective way and an important means to control indoor benzene pollution. Eight common indoor leaf-tolerant plants which have good effect on purifying and remediating indoor chemical pollution were selected and three times repeated and randomized block design were used to carry out the closed air stress experiment of different concentrations of benzene pollution, and the variance analysis was used. Multiple comparative analysis and membership function method were used to analyze the changes of physiological and biochemical indexes of plants, to study the resistance ability of leaves and shade tolerant plants under benzene pollution stress, and to screen 6 experimental plants with the strongest resistance to benzene pollution. By means of correlation analysis and principal component analysis, the reason of its strong resistance ability was revealed, and the mechanism of resistance of Yin-viewing foliage plants under indoor benzene pollution stress was studied. The results of the study show that 1: 1. Studies on the Resistance of Yin-tolerant Leaf plants under benzene pollution stress (1) the Chl and MDA contents, the content of soluble sugar and soluble protein, the activities of POD and APX, and the changes of pH value of leaf liquid were affected by the species of plants, including the production rate of Chl and MDA, the content of soluble sugar and soluble protein, the activity of POD and APX. The effects of benzene concentration and its interaction were very significant. (2) after benzene stress with different concentrations, the MDA and soluble protein content, O 2-production rate, POD and APX activity of experimental plants showed an increasing trend of Chl and soluble sugar content. (3) according to the changes of physiological and biochemical indexes and the comprehensive evaluation of membership function, the highest resistance to benzene pollution was observed in leaves of Phnom Penh, followed by long-life flowers. The silver edge is the weakest. 2. Studies on the Mechanism of Resistance of Yin-viewing Leaf plants under benzene pollution stress (1) with the increase of benzene stress concentration, the high negative correlation between the Chl content and the rate of O 2-production in experimental plants decreased first and then did not change. The moderate negative correlation with the content of soluble protein was first increased, then the high positive correlation between the content of MDA and the rate of 02- production continued to decrease. The high positive correlation between the production rate of O 2-and the activity of APX and POD decreased first and then did not change. The moderate positive correlation between the content of soluble protein and the activity of APX was not changed at first, then increased. (2) in the first principal component of the stress resistance index of experimental plants, the content of MDA and the rate of O2- production were the main indexes of stress resistance. With the increase of benzene stress concentration, the content of POD was first unchanged and then decreased, and then increased first, then increased, and then decreased, the second principal component was the main index of stress resistance, and with the increase of benzene stress concentration, the activity of POD was the main index. (3) the correlation and principal component analysis showed that indoor benzene pollution stress caused the direct damage of plant biofilm phase change, the damage of photosynthetic respiratory system and the indirect damage of metabolism disorder; Plants maintain their own resistance to active oxygen free radicals through antioxidant enzyme system (APX POD) and biological macromolecules (soluble protein) to repair biofilm system and promote metabolism, and with the increase of benzene stress concentration. The former strengthens first, then weakens, the latter continues to strengthen, but the former always plays a major role.
【学位授予单位】：山东建筑大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：X51;X173;S682.36

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