雨水径流中多重耐药性细菌在石英砂表面的粘附特性研究
发布时间：2018-08-11 12:45
【摘要】：随着人们对雨水资源利用的重视,雨水水质安全问题逐步受到关注;同时由于抗生素的滥用,雨水径流中可能存在耐药性病原菌,而耐药性病原微生物在水中的扩散、迁移以及对雨水利用的过程中具有潜在影响,目前针对多重耐药性病原微生物在水体中的污染行为研究较少。本文选用从雨水径流中分离的可培养细菌,探究了雨水中耐药性细菌的分布规律与表面特性,并以石英砂模拟环境多孔介质,研究不同水环境因子条件下多重耐药性细菌在饱和石英砂滤柱中的迁移粘附规律,并试图回答细菌在获得耐药性后是否会改变表面特征,从而影响其在环境中的迁移规律和最终归宿这一科学问题,得到以下主要结论:(1)雨水中存在大量的耐药性细菌,且大多表现为多重耐药性。在从雨水径流中分离的200株可培养细菌中,具有耐药性细菌的比例为96.95%,其中多重耐药性细菌占62.30%。耐药性细菌对甲氧卞啶/磺胺甲恶唑(SXT)、氨苄西林(AMP)、庆大霉素(GEN)、四环素(TC)的耐药性比例较高,对阿米卡星(AMIK)、左氧氟沙星(LVXO)耐药性较低。(2)细菌获得耐药性后,在不同离子强度下,其表面特征发生改变。不同抗生素培养条件下,细菌的Zeta电位无明显差异,而疏水性都增大;细菌的Zeta电位随离子强度上升而增大。(3)离子强度、抗生素培养条件以及不同菌种能够影响细菌的粘附特性。离子强度越大,细菌粘附速率常数Kd越大,DLVO理论的排斥势能能峰越低,细菌粘附特性越强;细菌获得耐药性后,其粘附速率常数Kd增大,但不同抗生素培养条件下,细菌粘附速率常数Kd差异较小;不同耐药性菌种间的粘附性存在差异,阴沟肠杆菌KU942498的粘附性要高于大肠杆菌AB604196、大肠杆菌JN578647。(4)有机物对多重耐药性细菌的粘附特性具有显著影响。腐殖酸、海藻酸存在时,细菌的粘附速率常数Kd随离子强度和抗生素培养条件的变化规律仍存在,但相比无有机物存在时的粘附性降低,海藻酸比腐殖酸对细菌粘附的抑制作用更为明显。去除细菌胞外聚合物后,细胞疏水性增大,粘附速率常数Kd提高。
[Abstract]:With the attention paid to the utilization of rain water resources, attention has been paid to the safety of Rain Water water quality. Meanwhile, due to the abuse of antibiotics, there may be drug-resistant pathogens in the runoff of Rain Water, and the spread of drug-resistant pathogenic microorganisms in the water. Migration and its potential effects on the use of Rain Water have not been studied as to the contamination behavior of multidrug resistant pathogenic microorganisms in water. In this paper, culturable bacteria isolated from Rain Water runoff were selected to study the distribution and surface characteristics of drug-resistant bacteria in Rain Water, and quartz sand was used to simulate the porous media in the environment. To study the migration and adhesion of multidrug resistant bacteria in saturated quartz sand filtration column under different water environmental factors, and to try to answer whether the bacteria will change the surface characteristics after obtaining drug resistance. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) there are a large number of drug-resistant bacteria in Rain Water, and most of them are multidrug resistant. Of the 200 strains of culturable bacteria isolated from Rain Water runoff, the proportion of drug-resistant bacteria was 96.95, of which multidrug resistant bacteria accounted for 62.30%. The drug resistance of resistant bacteria to trimethopentidine / sulfamethoxazole (SXT), (AMP), (AMP), (GEN), tetracycline (TC) was higher than that to amikacin (AMIK), levofloxacin (LVXO). (2) the bacteria acquired resistance to ampicillin and ampicillin at different ionic intensities. Its surface features have changed. Under different antibiotic culture conditions, the Zeta potential of bacteria had no significant difference, but the hydrophobicity of bacteria increased, the Zeta potential of bacteria increased with the increase of ionic strength. (3) Ion strength, Antibiotic culture conditions and different strains can affect the adhesion characteristics of bacteria. The higher the ionic strength is, the larger the bacterial adhesion rate constant KD is, the lower the repulsive potential energy peak of DLVO theory is, and the stronger the adhesion characteristic of bacteria is, the higher the adhesion rate constant K _ d is when bacteria acquire drug resistance, but under different antibiotic culture conditions, The adhesion rate constant of bacteria was small, and the adhesion of Enterobacter cloacae (KU942498) was higher than that of Escherichia coli AB604196. (4) Organic matter had significant influence on the adhesion of multidrug resistant bacteria. (4) the adhesiveness of Enterobacter cloacae was higher than that of Escherichia coli AB604196. (4) Organic matter had a significant effect on the adhesion of multidrug resistant bacteria. In the presence of humic acid and alginic acid, the adhesion rate constant (KD) of bacteria remained with the change of ionic strength and antibiotic culture conditions, but the adhesion rate of bacteria was lower than that of no organic compounds. The inhibitory effect of alginic acid on bacterial adhesion was more obvious than humic acid. After removing the extracellular polymer, the hydrophobicity of the cells increased and the adhesion rate constant KD increased.
【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X52
[Abstract]:With the attention paid to the utilization of rain water resources, attention has been paid to the safety of Rain Water water quality. Meanwhile, due to the abuse of antibiotics, there may be drug-resistant pathogens in the runoff of Rain Water, and the spread of drug-resistant pathogenic microorganisms in the water. Migration and its potential effects on the use of Rain Water have not been studied as to the contamination behavior of multidrug resistant pathogenic microorganisms in water. In this paper, culturable bacteria isolated from Rain Water runoff were selected to study the distribution and surface characteristics of drug-resistant bacteria in Rain Water, and quartz sand was used to simulate the porous media in the environment. To study the migration and adhesion of multidrug resistant bacteria in saturated quartz sand filtration column under different water environmental factors, and to try to answer whether the bacteria will change the surface characteristics after obtaining drug resistance. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) there are a large number of drug-resistant bacteria in Rain Water, and most of them are multidrug resistant. Of the 200 strains of culturable bacteria isolated from Rain Water runoff, the proportion of drug-resistant bacteria was 96.95, of which multidrug resistant bacteria accounted for 62.30%. The drug resistance of resistant bacteria to trimethopentidine / sulfamethoxazole (SXT), (AMP), (AMP), (GEN), tetracycline (TC) was higher than that to amikacin (AMIK), levofloxacin (LVXO). (2) the bacteria acquired resistance to ampicillin and ampicillin at different ionic intensities. Its surface features have changed. Under different antibiotic culture conditions, the Zeta potential of bacteria had no significant difference, but the hydrophobicity of bacteria increased, the Zeta potential of bacteria increased with the increase of ionic strength. (3) Ion strength, Antibiotic culture conditions and different strains can affect the adhesion characteristics of bacteria. The higher the ionic strength is, the larger the bacterial adhesion rate constant KD is, the lower the repulsive potential energy peak of DLVO theory is, and the stronger the adhesion characteristic of bacteria is, the higher the adhesion rate constant K _ d is when bacteria acquire drug resistance, but under different antibiotic culture conditions, The adhesion rate constant of bacteria was small, and the adhesion of Enterobacter cloacae (KU942498) was higher than that of Escherichia coli AB604196. (4) Organic matter had significant influence on the adhesion of multidrug resistant bacteria. (4) the adhesiveness of Enterobacter cloacae was higher than that of Escherichia coli AB604196. (4) Organic matter had a significant effect on the adhesion of multidrug resistant bacteria. In the presence of humic acid and alginic acid, the adhesion rate constant (KD) of bacteria remained with the change of ionic strength and antibiotic culture conditions, but the adhesion rate of bacteria was lower than that of no organic compounds. The inhibitory effect of alginic acid on bacterial adhesion was more obvious than humic acid. After removing the extracellular polymer, the hydrophobicity of the cells increased and the adhesion rate constant KD increased.
【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X52
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