微波降解土霉素废水装置的研究

发布时间：2018-08-20 07:45

【摘要】：我国是土霉素原料药生产与出口大国,在生产过程中会产生大量的土霉素废水。土霉素废水中含有一定量的土霉素有效成分,将含有残留土霉素的废水排放到环境中,会造成环境污染,威胁人类健康和生态环境安全。因此,土霉素废水排放成为全社会关注的问题。本文介绍了土霉素分子的理化性质,产生土霉素废水的工艺过程,根据土霉素废水的特征,分析了不同工艺降解土霉素废水效果及优缺点,进行了常温常压、高温高压及微波高压降解土霉素废水的实验,探究了微波高压降解土霉素废水的机理,并得到了微波高压降解土霉素废水的最佳实验数据,根据此条件,设计了一款微波降解土霉素废水的装置,其特点为微波谐振腔与土霉素废水降解反应罐合二为一,反应罐中的微波场分布均匀,效率高,可连续处理土霉素废水。本文将微波技术应用到土霉素废水的降解过程中,并主要进行了以下研究:(1)以模拟土霉素废水为降解对象,通过单因素试验研究土霉素废水溶液的初始浓度、初始pH值、初始温度、体积,微波降解土霉素废水溶液时升高的温度、微波功率,保温时间七种因素对微波降解土霉素废水效果的影响,通过单因素试验的结果,分析各因素对土霉素废水的降解规律。(2)以模拟土霉素废水为降解对象,采用正交试验探究微波降解土霉素废水的最佳条件。结果表明,各因素对微波处理土霉素废水效果的影响程度为:初始反应pH值保温时间微波功率升高温度初始反应温度初始反应浓度溶液体积;正交试验初步确定的最佳反应条件为:当溶液初始浓度为400mg/L,溶液初始温度为60℃,溶液初始pH值为1,溶液体积为1500m L;微波功率为200W,温度升高140℃,保温时间为60min时,微波降解土霉素废水的效果最佳,平均降解率为96.57%,平均COD去除率为95.46%。且通过计算证明土霉素废水微波降解过程在本研究条件下,符合拟一级反应动力学方程。(3)通过调研,以石家庄某制药厂土霉素的年产量及废水中土霉素含量为依据,结合上文得到的研究数据,设计一种微波降解土霉素废水的装置。本文介绍了微波源、波导管、谐振腔的结构、计算依据、工作原理和控制电路,选择确定了本装置的微波源频率为2450MHz,标准矩形波导管的型号BJ22,尺寸为109×54.5mm2,谐振腔的形状为圆柱罐形,采用不锈钢材料。结合微波功率、流量、反应时间等参数,初步得到谐振腔相关尺寸,通过HFSS软件对微波谐振腔内的电磁场进行了仿真,确定了波导管的数量以及分布位置,仿真结果可以作为微波降解土霉素废水装置的结构设计依据。根据实际工况,设计了谐振腔罐盖、进出水口的微波防泄漏结构,微波进入谐振腔的通道排水柱结构;装置的控制系统。结合本装置的特点,制定了微波降解土霉素废水的工艺流程图,本装置可作为一个独立单元使用,可并联使用,以获得更大的处理量;也可串联使用,以获得更大的去除率。
[Abstract]:Oxytetracycline wastewater contains a certain amount of active components of oxytetracycline, and the waste water containing oxytetracycline is discharged into the environment, which will cause environmental pollution and threaten human health and ecological environment safety. This paper introduces the physical and chemical properties of oxytetracycline molecule and the process of producing oxytetracycline wastewater. According to the characteristics of oxytetracycline wastewater, the effects and advantages and disadvantages of different processes on the degradation of oxytetracycline wastewater are analyzed. The experiments of degradation of oxytetracycline wastewater at room temperature, atmospheric pressure, high temperature, high pressure and microwave high pressure are carried out. The mechanism of microwave high pressure degrading oxytetracycline wastewater was studied, and the best experimental data of microwave high pressure degrading oxytetracycline wastewater were obtained. According to this condition, a microwave degrading oxytetracycline wastewater device was designed. Oxytetracycline wastewater can be continuously treated. In this paper, the microwave technology was applied to the degradation of oxytetracycline wastewater, and the following studies were carried out: (1) The initial concentration, initial pH value, initial temperature and volume of oxytetracycline wastewater solution were studied by single factor experiment with simulated oxytetracycline wastewater as degradation object. The effects of temperature, microwave power and holding time on the degradation of oxytetracycline wastewater by microwave were analyzed by single factor experiment. (2) The optimal conditions of oxytetracycline wastewater degradation by microwave were studied by orthogonal experiment. The results show that the influence degree of each factor on the effect of microwave treatment of oxytetracycline wastewater is as follows: initial reaction pH holding time, microwave power raising temperature, initial reaction temperature, initial reaction concentration solution volume; the optimum reaction conditions determined by orthogonal test are as follows: when the initial concentration of solution is 400 mg/L, initial temperature of solution is 60 C, initial pH value of solution is 60 C. When the microwave power is 200 W, the temperature rises 140 C and the holding time is 60 min, the average degradation rate of oxytetracycline wastewater is 96.57% and the average COD removal rate is 95.46%. (3) Based on the yearly output of oxytetracycline and the content of oxytetracycline in wastewater from a pharmaceutical factory in Shijiazhuang, a microwave degrading device for oxytetracycline wastewater is designed. The structure, calculation basis, working principle and control circuit of the microwave source, waveguide tube and resonant cavity are introduced in this paper. The frequency of the microwave source is 2450MHz, the size of the standard rectangular waveguide BJ22 is 109 *54.5mm2, the shape of the resonator is cylindrical tank, and stainless steel is used. The number and distribution of waveguide tubes are given, and the simulation results can be used as the basis for the structure design of the microwave degrading oxytetracycline wastewater plant. The process flow chart of microwave degrading oxytetracycline wastewater is given. The device can be used as an independent unit, and can be used in parallel to achieve greater treatment capacity, or in series to achieve greater removal rate.
【学位授予单位】：河北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X787

【参考文献】