洪洞大槐树景区土壤养分与重金属空间分布特征及评价研究

发布时间：2018-08-20 08:41

【摘要】：旅游业不仅促进了国内经济的迅速发展和当地人民生活水平的提高,也是我国当前建设小康社会的必然要求。在进行景区全面布局时,应加强自身软实力的发展即景区所孕育的独特的文化进而营造出适合游客身心健康发展的文化氛围和自然环境。但是由于旅游势头发展的不断上升,在发展过程中带来的景区绿化带的污染以及景区自然环境破坏问题也日益加剧。土壤作为旅游区观光活动中直接受影响的主要对象,同时也是对旅游干扰影响反应最为敏感的环境因子之一。景区土壤质量的好坏在一定程度上会通过不同的途径对游客的身体健康造成一定的威胁。研究旅游对生态环境的负面影响并进而寻求其修复与解决对策,已成为当今环境与旅游研究的重点之一。以洪洞大槐树景区作为研究区,通过对研究区进行资料收集、土壤样品的采集和室内实验,获得了关于研究区土壤的理化性质和重金属含量的相关数据,绘制出了研究区的土壤理化性质的含量和重金属含量的空间分布,探究了人为活动对景区土壤的影响,并用主成分分析法对洪洞大槐树景区内移民区、祭祖区和民俗区三大区域的绿地的肥力进行了综合评价,用污染指数评价法即单因子指数评价法和内梅罗指数评价法对研究区的三大区域的绿地重金属污染状况进行了综合评价。主要研究结果如下:(1)研究区里的移民区、祭祖区和民俗区三大区域的土壤pH值均表现为从主游道开始由近到远逐渐降低的趋势,且民俗区内的土壤pH值总体上高于移民区和祭祖区。移民区、祭祖区和民俗区三大区域的土壤有机质、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾的含量则表现为从主游道由近到远逐渐上升的趋势。(2)研究区内除了土壤的pH值其余元素的含量在空间上的分布差异较明显,表明其受到了人为活动的干扰,洪洞大槐树景区表层土壤有机质及养分质量分数变异系数的分布依次为速效钾有效磷有机质碱解氮,表明碱解氮的质量分数受人为活动的影响最为明显。(3)主成分分析法对大槐树景区三大区域的绿地土壤肥力进行综合评价的结果显示,土壤肥力水平总体表现为移民区祭祖区民俗区。(4)研究区三大区域的土壤重金属Cu元素、Pb元素、Zn元素、Mn元素、Cr元素的含量均表现为从主游道边开始由近及远逐渐下降的趋势。其中移民区土壤重金属Mn元素、Zn元素和Pb元素从主游道边、距游道5米、距游道10米三者均具有显著差异(P0.05)。祭祖区土壤重金属Cu元素、Zn元素、Pb元素从主游道边、距游道5米、距游道10米三者均具有显著差异(P0.05)。民俗区土壤重金属Mn元素、Cu元素、Cr元素、Zn元素、Pb元素从主游道边、距游道5米、距游道10米三者均具有显著差异(P0.05)。在整个景区内Cu、Pb、Zn这3种元素相对于其他2种重金属元素的离散程度更高,表明其受外界环境的干扰比较显著,空间上的分布差异较大。(5)以山西省土壤背景值作为评价依据,进行的单因子指数评价结果显示,景区土壤重金属全量单因子指数除了Zn元素之外均未超过1,说明景区总体土壤还未受到污染,整体属于清洁程度,但这一问题应当受到景区管理者的的高度重视,在必要时采用相应的措施。以CJ/T340-2011绿化种植土壤参考值为评价标准,进行的单因子污染指数评价结果表明,景区整体土壤未受到污染。(6)以山西省土壤背景值作为评价依据,进行的内梅罗污染指数法对研究区进行综合污染指数分析结果显示,移民区综合污染指数(p=0.98)和祭祖区综合污染指数(p=0.88)总体土壤污染指数均大于0.7,达到了警戒水平。民俗区综合污染指数(p=0.67),表明该区内土壤目前处于安全状态,但与警戒值相差无几。以CJ/T340-2011绿化种植土壤参考值为评价标准,进行的内梅罗污染指数法对研究区进行综合污染指数分析,结果表明研究区目前处于安全状态,为了使景区能够进一步发展,还需实时监测土壤环境的变化并做好相应的应对举措。
[Abstract]:Tourism not only promotes the rapid development of domestic economy and the improvement of local people's living standards, but also is the inevitable requirement of building a well-off society in our country. However, due to the rising trend of tourism, the pollution of scenic green belts and the destruction of natural environment are becoming more and more serious. Soil, as the main object directly affected by tourism activities, is also the most sensitive environmental factor to the impact of tourism disturbance. To some extent, the soil quality of scenic spots will threaten the health of tourists through different ways. To study the negative impact of tourism on the ecological environment and to seek its remediation and solutions has become one of the focuses of environmental and tourism research. Through collecting data, collecting soil samples and indoor experiments, the data about soil physical and chemical properties and heavy metal content in the study area were obtained. The spatial distribution of soil physical and chemical properties and heavy metal content in the study area were plotted, and the effects of human activities on the soil in the scenic area were explored. The fertility of the green space in the immigration area, ancestral worship area and folk custom area of Hongdong Robinia tree scenic area was evaluated comprehensively by using the method of pollution index, i.e. single factor index evaluation method and Nemerow index evaluation method. The following: (1) Soil pH values of the three major areas in the study area, including the immigration area, ancestral worship area and folk custom area, all showed a decreasing trend from the main passage to the far and near, and the soil pH values in the folk custom area were generally higher than those in the immigration area and ancestral worship area. The content of potassium increased gradually from near to far in the main stream. (2) The spatial distribution of other elements except soil pH value in the study area was significantly different, indicating that it was disturbed by human activities. The variation coefficient of soil organic matter and nutrient content in the surface layer of Hongdong Robinia pseudoacacia scenic area was in turn fast. Available potassium, available phosphorus, available organic matter, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen indicated that the mass fraction of alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen was most significantly affected by human activities. (3) The results of comprehensive evaluation of soil fertility of green space in the three major areas of the Huaishu scenic spot showed that the soil fertility level was generally expressed in the folk-custom areas of ancestral worship areas in the immigration area. (4) The soil in the three major areas of the study area. The contents of heavy metal Cu, Pb, Zn, Mn and Cr in soils decreased gradually from near to far from the main stream. The contents of heavy metal Mn, Zn and Pb in soils from the main stream, 5 meters from the main stream and 10 meters from the runway in the immigration area were significantly different (P 0.05). Elements Mn, Cu, Cr, Zn and Pb from the main runway, 5 meters away from the runway and 10 meters away from the runway were all significantly different (P 0.05). The contents of Cu, Pb, Zn and Pb from the main runway, 5 meters away from the runway and 10 meters away from the runway were significantly different (P 0.05). The dispersion degree of the two heavy metals was higher, indicating that they were significantly disturbed by the external environment, and the spatial distribution was quite different. (5) Based on the soil background value of Shanxi Province, the single factor index evaluation results showed that the total single factor index of heavy metals in the soil of scenic spots was not more than 1 except Zn, indicating the landscape. The overall soil in the area is not polluted and the whole is clean, but this problem should be highly valued by the managers of the scenic spots. Corresponding measures should be taken when necessary. Based on the soil background value of Shanxi Province, the Nemerow pollution index method was used to analyze the comprehensive pollution index of the study area. The results showed that the comprehensive pollution index (p = 0.98) and the comprehensive pollution index (p = 0.88) of the immigration area were higher than 0.7, reaching the alert level. 7), indicating that the soil in the study area is in a safe state, but there is little difference from the warning value. According to the reference value of CJ / T340-2011, the Nemerow pollution index method is used to analyze the comprehensive pollution index of the study area. The results show that the study area is in a safe state at present, in order to make the scenic area develop further, and the comprehensive pollution index is also analyzed. It is necessary to monitor the changes of soil environment in real time and make corresponding measures.
【学位授予单位】：山西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S158;X53;X825

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