铜绿微囊藻、椭圆小球藻对几种有机污染物的富集和降解

发布时间：2018-08-25 08:59

【摘要】：微藻是一类分布广泛的生物,不仅对生态环境的稳定具有重要意义,而且在去除环境污染物方面的作用也不可忽视。微藻不仅可以通过吸附、富集、降解等途径去除环境中的难降解有机物,还能产生氧气、引发活性氧,从而促进细菌对污染物的降解、增强污染物自身的光降解能力。研究微藻对环境中有机污染物的富集和降解作用,不仅可以提供一种去除污染物的方法,还能够为污染物的环境行为和归趋评价提供一定的依据。本文选取富营养化水体中的优势藻类铜绿微囊藻和广泛应用于生产生活中的椭圆小球藻作为实验生物,研究它们对于两种常见有机污染物—双酚A(BPA)和对乙酰氨基苯酚的去除作用,并探讨了污染物浓度范围、营养条件以及初始藻浓度对去除效果的影响,得到了如下实验结果:(1).铜绿微囊藻918对BPA和对乙酰氨基苯酚都具有一定的去除作用。1,5,10mg/L的BPA和对乙酰氨基苯酚经过10天的处理后比初始浓度分别降低了 39%、12%、9%和22%、7%、13%。铜绿918体内BPA的浓度随培养基中初始浓度的升高而增大,对乙酰氨基苯酚也呈现出类似特点。发现BPA在铜绿918体内2种可能的降解产物对乙基苯酚和2,6-二羟基苯甲酸;(2)铜绿微囊藻1343对BPA和对乙酰氨基苯酚也具有一定的去除作用,但是效果不明显。1,5,10mg/L的BPA和对乙酰氨基苯酚经过10天的处理后比初始浓度分别降低了 6%、6%、12%和14%、9%、9%,铜绿1343体内BPA的浓度随培养基中初始浓度的升高而增大,且在实验过程中呈现上升趋势,1mg/L对乙酰氨基苯酚处理组藻体内污染物的富集量随时间变化不大,5mg/L和10mg/L对乙酰氨基苯酚处理组藻体内污染物的富集量在实验过程中呈现上升趋势;(3)椭圆小球藻对BPA和对乙酰氨基苯酚都具有一定的去除作用。1,5,10mg/L的BPA和对乙酰氨基苯酚经过10天的处理后比初始浓度分别降低了 10%、8%、2%和18%、15%、18%,小球藻体内BPA的浓度随培养基中初始浓度的增加和实验的进行表现出增长的趋势,1mg/L和5mg/L对乙酰氨基苯酚处理组藻体内污染物浓度呈现先上升后下降的趋势,而10mg/L处理组则相反,呈现出先下降后上升的趋势。发现BPA在椭圆小球藻体内3种可能的降解产物3-甲氧基-4羟基苯甲醛、对乙基苯酚和2,6-二羟基苯甲酸;(4)不同污染物浓度范围和初始藻浓度对其去除污染物具有一定的影响,而营养条件对去除效果影响不大。小球藻对10,50,]00ug/L的对乙酰氨基苯酚10天的去除率达到了 10%、31%和17%,而对15,30,50mg/L的对乙酰氨基苯酚10天的去除率只有5%、10%和10%;初始藻浓度对其去除污染物效果的影响较为明显,最高去除率为22%,而最低去除率不足5%。
[Abstract]:Microalgae are a class of widely distributed organisms, which not only play an important role in the stability of the ecological environment, but also play an important role in the removal of environmental pollutants. Microalgae can not only remove refractory organic matter by adsorption, enrichment and degradation, but also produce oxygen and initiate reactive oxygen, thus promoting the degradation of pollutants by bacteria and enhancing the photodegradation ability of pollutants themselves. The study on the enrichment and degradation of organic pollutants in the environment by microalgae can not only provide a method to remove pollutants, but also provide some basis for the environmental behavior and fate evaluation of pollutants. In this paper, the dominant algae microcystis aeruginosa in eutrophication water and Chlorella ellipticum widely used in production and life were selected as experimental organisms. The removal effects of bisphenol A (BPA) and acetaminophenol on two common organic pollutants were studied. The effects of pollutant concentration range, nutrition conditions and initial algae concentration on the removal efficiency were discussed. The results were as follows: (1) Microcystis aeruginosa 918 can remove both BPA and acetaminophenol. After 10 days of treatment, the BPA and paracetamol concentrations of BPA and acetaminophenol were 3912% and 39% and 71313% lower than the initial concentration, respectively. The concentration of BPA in aeruginosa 918 increased with the increase of initial concentration, and paracetamol showed similar characteristics. It was found that two possible degradation products of BPA were p-ethylphenol and 2-dihydroxybenzoic acid in aeruginosa 918. (2) Microcystis aeruginosa 1343 could also remove BPA and p-acetaminophenol. However, the effect of 10 mg / L BPA and paracetamol decreased 612% and 14%, respectively, after 10 days of treatment. The concentration of BPA in the aeruginal 1343 increased with the increase of the initial concentration in the medium. The concentration of pollutants in algae treated with 1 mg / L acetaminophenol did not change with time. The concentration of pollutants in algae treated with acetaminophenol and 10mg/L was not significant. (3) Chlorella ellipticus has a certain removal effect on BPA and acetaminophenol. After 10 days of treatment, the BPA and paracetamol levels of BPA and paracetamol in Chlorella ellipticum are 10 8% lower than the initial concentration and 18 15% and 18% lower than the initial concentration, respectively, in Chlorella microphylla. The concentration of BPA increased with the increase of the initial concentration in the medium and the experiment. The concentration of pollutants in the algae treated with acetaminophenol and 5mg/L increased first and then decreased. On the contrary, the 10mg/L treatment group showed a trend of first decreasing and then rising. It was found that three possible degradation products of BPA in Chlorella ellipticum were 3-methoxy-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, p-ethylphenol and 2-dihydroxybenzoic acid, (4) different concentration range of pollutants and initial algae concentration had some influence on the removal of pollutants. But the nutrition condition had little effect on the removal effect. The removal rate of acetaminophenol for 10 days by Chlorella vulgaris reached 10% and 17% for 10 days by Chlorella vulgaris, but only 510% and 10% for 10 days for 1530 mg / L acetaminophenol, and the effect of initial algal concentration on the removal of pollutants was obvious. The highest removal rate is 22 and the lowest removal rate is less than 5.
【学位授予单位】：扬州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X173;X703

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