北京城区污水处理与污水产生量关系及对河道水质影响的研究

发布时间：2018-08-26 20:20

【摘要】：近年来,北京呈高速发展态势,经济和人口总量不断升高。随着世界城市建设速度的加快以及城市副中心建设工作的不断推进,作为城市基础设施的污水处理和再生水回用工程设施明显滞后。主要表现在:(1)管网范围内不断增长的原生污水已超出现有污水处理厂处理能力,造成部分污水处理厂频繁出现越流现象;(2)新建改建居民区集污管网建设滞后,城乡结合部尚存在污水处理覆盖盲区,存在污水漏失和原生污水直排入河现象;(3)现有污水处理厂设计出水水质标准不能满足地表水环境需求;(4)再生水处理和回用能力建设滞后,形成的可供环境用水量难以满足河道生态需水量。本次研究主要把北京市城市中心区按清河、坝河、通惠河和凉水河四个流域进行划分,通过分析流域内人口,经济,四个流域内的现状污水处理厂和十三五期间升级改造或规划污水处理厂的运行情况、处理工艺、污水处理能力等,并分析流域内重点河流水质状况等情况,得出四大流域污水处理厂总体负荷率为95.95%,但空间分布上的不均衡造成部分污水处理厂总体处于超负荷运转状态;污水收集处理率仅为85.5%,造成大量原生污水入河,特别是五环外区域;现四大流域污水处理能力为291.4万m3/d,而污水核算产生量为340.7万m3/d,二者缺口达49.3万m3/d。预计2020年四大流域污水处理能力将达到497万m3/d,而届时污水产生量测算将达到464万m3/d,各流域处理能力均能满足,但余量不多。研究根据存在问题,提出四个流域将来污水处理设施建设和城市发展提出建议。
[Abstract]:In recent years, Beijing is showing a high-speed development trend, the economy and the total population continues to increase. With the acceleration of urban construction in the world and the development of sub-center construction, sewage treatment and reclaimed water reuse engineering facilities, which are urban infrastructure facilities, lag behind obviously. The main results are as follows: (1) the increasing primary sewage in the scope of the pipe network has exceeded the treatment capacity of the existing sewage treatment plant, resulting in frequent overflowing phenomenon in some sewage treatment plants; (2) the construction of the sewage collection pipe network in the newly built and rebuilt residential areas is lagging behind. There are still blind areas of sewage treatment coverage in urban and rural areas, leakage of sewage and direct discharge of primary sewage into rivers; (3) the design of effluent quality standards of existing sewage treatment plants cannot meet the environmental requirements of surface water; (4) the construction of capacity for reclaimed water treatment and reuse lags behind. It is difficult to meet the ecological water demand of river channel. In this study, the central urban district of Beijing was divided into four watersheds, Qinghe, Ba, Tonghui and Liangshui, and through the analysis of the population and economy of the river basin, The current situation of sewage treatment plants in the four watersheds and the upgrading or planning of sewage treatment plants during the 13th Five-Year Plan period, including the operation, treatment process, sewage treatment capacity, etc., and the analysis of the water quality status of key rivers in the basin, It is concluded that the total load rate of sewage treatment plants in the four major watersheds is 95.95, but the imbalance in spatial distribution causes some sewage treatment plants to be overloaded, and the sewage collection and treatment rate is only 85.5, which results in a large amount of primary sewage entering the river. Especially in the region outside the five rings, the sewage treatment capacity of the four major watersheds is 2.914 million m3 / d, and the output of wastewater accounting is 3.407 million m3 / d, with a gap of 493000 m3 / d. It is estimated that the wastewater treatment capacity of the four major watersheds will reach 4.97 million m3 / d in 2020, and the sewage production will reach 4.64 million m3 / d by then. The treatment capacity of each watershed can be satisfied, but the margin is not much. According to the existing problems, the paper puts forward some suggestions on the construction of sewage treatment facilities and urban development in the four watersheds.
【学位授予单位】：中国地质大学(北京)
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X703;X522

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