永康市城区重金属空间分布与风险评价
发布时间：2018-09-04 07:42
【摘要】：城市土壤是人类赖以生存的重要基础资源之一,也是构成生态系统的重要环节。由于城市区域社会经济的快速发展,城市化进程不断加快,人类活动使得多种重金属元素在城市土壤及河流表层沉积物中积累,对城市生态系统、人类健康构成威胁。本研究以浙江省五金工业之都——永康市主城区为研究区域,系统采集181个表层土壤样品、37个河流表层沉积物样品,测定样品中Ti、Cr、Mn、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、As和Pb共9种重金属元素的含量,计算了单因子污染指数、内梅罗综合污染指数、富集系数及潜在生态风险指数,评价永康市重金属的污染状况和潜在生态风险等级,并利用多元统计和地统计学方法分析各重金属元素的空间分布特征。通过主成分分析法、相关性分析法并结合土地利用与景观格局指数对重金属的来源进行解析,结果表明:1)永康市城区表层土壤中9种重金属平均含量依次为:Ti(5677)Mn(513)Cr(121)Zn(95)Pb(40)Ni(23)Cu(21)Co(10)As(6)mg·kg-1,各样点含量差异较大,除Ti和Ni元素属于中等变异外其余各元素均属于高度变异。河流表层沉积物中9种重金属的平均含量依次为:Ti(4040)Mn(755)Zn(414)Cr(201)Cu(95)Pb(35)Ni(47)As(8)Co(7)mg·kg-1。富集系数显示各元素在不同河段存在不同程度的富集现象,其中Ni、Cu、Zn元素富集系数较高,可能受到较强的人为干扰。2)单因子污染指数显示,永康市表层土壤重金属污染总体程度较轻。多数元素处于潜在污染,仅Cr元素属于轻度污染。平均单因子污染指数分别为:Cr(2.58)Ni(1.82)Co(1.42)Ti(1.39)Mn(1.36)Cu(1.36)Zn(1.31)Pb(1.14)As(1.02)。河流表层沉积物污染情况相对严重,Ti、Mn、Co、As元素的污染情况较轻,其中Ti元素为未污染,Mn、Co、As元素为潜在污染,Pb元素为轻度污染,Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn为重度污染。平均单因子污染指数的排列顺序为Zn(5.74)Cu(5.28)Cr(4.43)Ni(3.80)Pb(2.14)Mn(2.00)As(1.27)Co(1.01)Ti(0.99)。3)内梅罗综合污染指数显示,永康市表层土壤总体处于中度污染,在8种土地利用类型中,工业用地处于重度污染等级,公园绿地、住宅用地、其他用地、林地、耕地均处于中度污染等级,其他2种土地利用类型均处于轻度污染等级。各土地利用类型平均内梅罗综合污染指数由高到低排序为:工业用地(3.47)公园绿地(2.81)住宅用地(2.81)其他用地(2.33)林地(2.19)耕地(2.09)市政文教(1.93)园地(1.93)。4)从潜在生态风险指数来看,永康市河流表层沉积物的平均综合潜在生态风险指数为91.50,高于表层土壤的风险指数(48.05),总体处于低生态风险,局部存在中度生态风险。各土地利用类型表层土壤重金属综合潜在生态风险依次为:工业用地(65.12)公园绿地(56.39)住宅用地(55.31)其他用地(47.88)市政文教(47.87)耕地(41.37)林地(40.43)园地(38.20)。各河段表层沉积物中重金属的RI值大小顺序为,上支流(108.70)干流中游(104.14)干流下游(99.31)中支流(86.82)干流上游(71.14)下支流(51.32)。5)从重金属污染情况空间分布来看,Ti、Cr、Ni、Cu、Co、As元素的高值区主要集中在城区主要工业园区附近,表层土壤中Zn、Pb元素与市区道路分布存在一致性。河流表层沉积物空分布分析显示,Ti、Mn、Co、Cu、As、Pb元素的污染指数均是支流低于干流,Cr、Ni和Zn的污染指数均是支流高于干流。6)从景观格局与土壤重金属生态风险相关性分析来看,随着人类活动干扰强度的增加,Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn元素的潜在生态风险系数以及地区综合潜在生态风险指数将会有所提高。7)永康市表层土壤及河流表层沉积物中重金属来源主要分为三类:Cr、Ni、Cu、Co、As元素的积累主要受到工业生产影响,Zn和Pb元素的积累主要受到交通运输活动的影响,Ti、Mn部分来源于工业冶金及制造活动,同时也在一定程度上来源于成土母质的影响。研究永康市城区土壤及河流表层沉积物重金属污染情况与分布特征,探究重金属污染与土地利用类型组成、分布之间的关系,能够直观地反映污染物含量变化的原因,对重金属污染防治、土地资源合理开发具有指导意义。
[Abstract]:Urban soil is one of the most important basic resources for human survival and also an important link of ecosystem. With the rapid development of social economy and urbanization in urban areas, human activities have led to the accumulation of heavy metals in urban soil and surface sediments of rivers, which is beneficial to urban ecosystem and human health. In this study, 181 surface soil samples and 37 river surface sediment samples were collected systematically in the main urban area of Yongkang City, the capital of hardware industry in Zhejiang Province. The contents of Ti, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As and Pb in the samples were determined. The single factor pollution index, Nemerow comprehensive pollution index were calculated. The pollution status and potential ecological risk grade of heavy metals in Yongkang city were evaluated by set coefficient and potential ecological risk index, and the spatial distribution characteristics of heavy metals were analyzed by multivariate statistics and geostatistics. The results showed that: 1) The average contents of 9 heavy metals in surface soil of Yongkang City were Ti (5677) Mn (513) Cr (121) Zn (95) Pb (40) Ni (23) Cu (21) Co (10) As (6) mg 6550 The average contents of Ti(4040)Mn(755)Zn(414)Cr(201)Cu(95)Pb(35)Ni(47)As(8)Co(7)mg The average single factor pollution index is Cr (2.58) Ni (1.82) Co (1.42) Ti (1.39) Mn (1.36) Cu (1.36) Zn (1.31) Pb (1.14) As (1.02). The pollution of river surface sediments is relatively serious, and that of Ti, Mn, Co and As is relatively light. The average single factor pollution index was Zn (5.74) Cu (5.28) Cr (4.43) Ni (3.80) Pb (2.14) Mn (2.00) As (1.27) Co (1.01) Ti (0.99). The comprehensive pollution index showed that the surface soil of Yongkang city was in moderate pollution, and the average single factor pollution index was in the order of Zn (5.74) Cu (5.28) Cr (4.43) Ni (3.80) Pb (2.14) Mn (2.00) As (1.27) Co (1.01) Ti (0.99). Among the land use types, the industrial land is in the serious pollution level, the park green land, residential land, other land, woodland and cultivated land are in the moderate pollution level, and the other two land use types are in the light pollution level. Green land (2.81) residential land (2.81) other land (2.33) woodland (2.19) cultivated land (2.09) Municipal Culture and education (1.93) garden (1.93). 4) According to the potential ecological risk index, the average comprehensive potential ecological risk index of river surface sediments in Yongkang City is 91.50, higher than the risk index of surface soil (48.05), which is generally in low ecological risk and exists locally. The comprehensive potential ecological risks of heavy metals in surface soil of each land use type were as follows: industrial land (65.12), park green land (56.39), residential land (55.31), other land (47.88) municipal cultural and educational land (47.87) cultivated land (41.37) forest land (40.43) garden land (38.20). The order of RI values of heavy metals in surface sediments of each reach was as follows: upper tributary. (108.70) From the spatial distribution of heavy metal pollution, the high value areas of Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Co and As in the upper reaches of the main stream (104.14) and the lower branches (51.32.5) of the main stream (99.31) and the upper reaches (71.14) were mainly concentrated near the main industrial parks in the urban area, and the distribution of Zn, Pb in the surface soil was consistent with that of the urban roads. Spatial distribution analysis of layer sediments showed that the pollution index of Ti, Mn, Co, Cu, As and Pb was lower in tributaries than in mainstream, and the pollution index of Cr, Ni and Zn was higher in tributaries than in mainstream. The accumulation of Cr, Ni, Cu, Co and As is mainly affected by industrial production, the accumulation of Zn and Pb is mainly affected by transportation activities, and Ti and Mn are partly from industrial smelting. Gold and its manufacturing activities are also influenced by parent materials to a certain extent. The pollution and distribution characteristics of heavy metals in soil and surface sediments of rivers in Yongkang City are studied, and the relationship between heavy metals pollution and land use types and distribution is explored, which can intuitively reflect the causes of pollutant content changes and affect heavy metals. It is a guide for pollution prevention and rational development of land resources.
【学位授予单位】：浙江农林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X50;X820.4
本文编号：2221434
[Abstract]:Urban soil is one of the most important basic resources for human survival and also an important link of ecosystem. With the rapid development of social economy and urbanization in urban areas, human activities have led to the accumulation of heavy metals in urban soil and surface sediments of rivers, which is beneficial to urban ecosystem and human health. In this study, 181 surface soil samples and 37 river surface sediment samples were collected systematically in the main urban area of Yongkang City, the capital of hardware industry in Zhejiang Province. The contents of Ti, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As and Pb in the samples were determined. The single factor pollution index, Nemerow comprehensive pollution index were calculated. The pollution status and potential ecological risk grade of heavy metals in Yongkang city were evaluated by set coefficient and potential ecological risk index, and the spatial distribution characteristics of heavy metals were analyzed by multivariate statistics and geostatistics. The results showed that: 1) The average contents of 9 heavy metals in surface soil of Yongkang City were Ti (5677) Mn (513) Cr (121) Zn (95) Pb (40) Ni (23) Cu (21) Co (10) As (6) mg 6550 The average contents of Ti(4040)Mn(755)Zn(414)Cr(201)Cu(95)Pb(35)Ni(47)As(8)Co(7)mg The average single factor pollution index is Cr (2.58) Ni (1.82) Co (1.42) Ti (1.39) Mn (1.36) Cu (1.36) Zn (1.31) Pb (1.14) As (1.02). The pollution of river surface sediments is relatively serious, and that of Ti, Mn, Co and As is relatively light. The average single factor pollution index was Zn (5.74) Cu (5.28) Cr (4.43) Ni (3.80) Pb (2.14) Mn (2.00) As (1.27) Co (1.01) Ti (0.99). The comprehensive pollution index showed that the surface soil of Yongkang city was in moderate pollution, and the average single factor pollution index was in the order of Zn (5.74) Cu (5.28) Cr (4.43) Ni (3.80) Pb (2.14) Mn (2.00) As (1.27) Co (1.01) Ti (0.99). Among the land use types, the industrial land is in the serious pollution level, the park green land, residential land, other land, woodland and cultivated land are in the moderate pollution level, and the other two land use types are in the light pollution level. Green land (2.81) residential land (2.81) other land (2.33) woodland (2.19) cultivated land (2.09) Municipal Culture and education (1.93) garden (1.93). 4) According to the potential ecological risk index, the average comprehensive potential ecological risk index of river surface sediments in Yongkang City is 91.50, higher than the risk index of surface soil (48.05), which is generally in low ecological risk and exists locally. The comprehensive potential ecological risks of heavy metals in surface soil of each land use type were as follows: industrial land (65.12), park green land (56.39), residential land (55.31), other land (47.88) municipal cultural and educational land (47.87) cultivated land (41.37) forest land (40.43) garden land (38.20). The order of RI values of heavy metals in surface sediments of each reach was as follows: upper tributary. (108.70) From the spatial distribution of heavy metal pollution, the high value areas of Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Co and As in the upper reaches of the main stream (104.14) and the lower branches (51.32.5) of the main stream (99.31) and the upper reaches (71.14) were mainly concentrated near the main industrial parks in the urban area, and the distribution of Zn, Pb in the surface soil was consistent with that of the urban roads. Spatial distribution analysis of layer sediments showed that the pollution index of Ti, Mn, Co, Cu, As and Pb was lower in tributaries than in mainstream, and the pollution index of Cr, Ni and Zn was higher in tributaries than in mainstream. The accumulation of Cr, Ni, Cu, Co and As is mainly affected by industrial production, the accumulation of Zn and Pb is mainly affected by transportation activities, and Ti and Mn are partly from industrial smelting. Gold and its manufacturing activities are also influenced by parent materials to a certain extent. The pollution and distribution characteristics of heavy metals in soil and surface sediments of rivers in Yongkang City are studied, and the relationship between heavy metals pollution and land use types and distribution is explored, which can intuitively reflect the causes of pollutant content changes and affect heavy metals. It is a guide for pollution prevention and rational development of land resources.
【学位授予单位】：浙江农林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X50;X820.4
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