长春地区食物链氮素养分流动趋势与特征分析

发布时间：2018-09-12 08:08

【摘要】：氮素养分管理问题一直是国内外关注的热点。论文通过整理统计资料和文献数据,利用NUFER(Nutrient Flows in Food Chains,Environment and Resources Use)模型,研究了长春地区1993—2013年食物链的氮素流动趋势特征,旨在为该地区氮素的优化管理和相关政策制定提供参考。研究结果表明:1993年长春地区食物链系统氮素的总输入量为26.4×10~4t,至2013年增长至50.8×10~4t;食品生产方面,动物性食品的氮素流量由1993年的0.7×10~4t增长至2013年的2.3×10~4t,而植物性食品氮素流量则由7.1×10~4t减少至6.7×10~4t;食品消费方面,动、植物性食品氮素流量分别由1993年的0.5×10~4和3.3×10~4t增长至2013年的1.4×10~4和3.6×10~4t。20 a间,长春地区食物链各环节的氮素养分利用率均呈下降趋势,其中畜禽和作物生产系统的氮素利用率分别由14.5%和56.1%降至13.2%和48.0%,整个食物链系统的氮素利用率由16.9%下降为10.6%,而与此同时氮素的损失率则由38.2%提高为48.7%。可见,随着经济发展和社会变革,长春地区食物链系统的氮素流动量大幅增加,而氮素利用效率则大幅下降。现阶段,该地区农牧生产和家庭消费中应注意含氮废弃物的管理与循环利用,减少氮素损失,从而提高利用效率。
[Abstract]:Nitrogen nutrient management has always been a hot topic at home and abroad. Based on statistical data and literature data, this paper studies the nitrogen flow trend of food chain in Changchun from 1993 to 2013 by using NUFER (Nutrient Flows in Food Chains, Environment and Resources Use) model, aiming at optimizing nitrogen management and management in this area. The results showed that the total nitrogen input of food chain system in Changchun in 1993 was 26.4 65 In terms of food consumption, the nitrogen flow rate of animal and plant food increased from 0.5 104t in 1993 to 1.4 104t in 2013 and 3.6 65507 Nitrogen use efficiency of the whole food chain system decreased from 16.9% to 10.6%, while the loss rate of nitrogen increased from 38.2% to 48.7%. It can be seen that with the economic development and social change, nitrogen flow in the food chain system in Changchun increased significantly, while nitrogen use efficiency decreased significantly. The management and recycling of nitrogen-containing wastes should be paid attention to in the agricultural and animal husbandry production and household consumption in order to reduce nitrogen losses and improve utilization efficiency.
【作者单位】：吉林农业大学资源与环境学院;吉林省商品粮基地土壤资源可持续利用重点实验室;
【基金】：国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201103003)~~
【分类号】：F327;X2

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