广东省饮用水源地水体中放射性水平
发布时间：2018-09-11 21:06
【摘要】：通过对广东省各个地级市重点集中式饮用水源地水体开展放射性水平监测与评价,掌握集中式饮用水源地水中总α、总β放射性水平及动态变化。为建立完善的饮用水放射性安全保障应急体系和工作机制提供基础数据。根据广东省目前实施的集中式生活饮用水水源地水质监测实施方案,充分考虑饮用水源地周围自然环境状况,影响饮用水源放射性核素变化等因素选择水库水、江河水和地下水作为研究的水体类型,经过优化选择广东省22个地级市的50个饮用水源地为采样点,分丰水期(5月)和枯水期(11月)进行两次采样。利用BH1227型四路低本底α、β测量仪,用241Am和优级纯KCl分别作为总α和总β放射性测量的标准源,采用中等厚度相对测量法测定样品中的总α和总β放射性活度浓度。铀(U)用WGJ-III型微量铀分析仪测量,钍(Th)用分光光度法测量。研究结果如下:(1)所有100个水样的总α和总β放射性活度浓度平均值分别为0.055±0.072Bq·L~(-1)(0.007~0.411 Bq·L~(-1))和0.117±0.083 Bq·L~(-1)(0.020~0.397 Bq·L~(-1)),β/α比值的平均值为2.13;U和Th质量浓度平均值分别为0.28±0.33μg·L~(-1)(0.02~1.34μg·L~(-1))和0.16±0.39μg·L~(-1)(0.04~2.90μg·L~(-1))。(2)所有水样按丰水期和枯水期平均值来比较,总α放射性水平分别为0.054±0.072 Bq·L~(-1)和0.056±0.072 Bq·L~(-1),总β放射性水平分别为0.118±0.086Bq·L~(-1)和0.116±0.082 Bq·L~(-1),U质量浓度分别为0.28±0.33μg·L~(-1)和0.29±0.32μg·L~(-1),Th质量浓度分别为0.16±0.39μg·L~(-1)和0.17±0.40μg·L~(-1)。(3)按不同水样类型来比较,地下水的总α和总β放射性活度浓度平均值最高,分别为0.214±0.051 Bq·L~(-1)和0.333±0.057 Bq·L~(-1);其次是水库水,分别为0.064±0.101 Bq·L~(-1)和0.109±0.072 Bq·L~(-1);河流水的最低,分别为0.036±0.020Bq·L~(-1)和0.101±0.059 Bq·L~(-1)。但是三种类型水样的U和Th质量浓度高低顺序和总α、总β放射性活度浓度的顺序并不一致,U含量高低顺序是河流水水库水地下水,Th含量高低顺序是水库水河流水地下水。(4)根据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)中放射性总α≤0.5 Bq·L~(-1)和总β≤1 Bq·L~(-1)的标准,所有水样的总α和总β放射性活度浓度都没有超标。其中揭阳市新西河水库、湛江市地下水和珠海市水库水的总α、总β放射性活度浓度相对较高。揭阳市新西河水库的水样中U和Th质量浓度也是最高的。主要结论:(1)不管是哪种水样类型,丰水期和枯水期其总α、总β放射性水平并无明显差异;(2)三种类型的水样中总α、总β放射性高低顺序是地下水水库水河流水,U含量高低顺序是河流水水库水地下水,Th含量高低顺序是水库水河流水地下水;(3)所有水体中地下水的总放射性水平最高,为减少居民每年由于饮水而接受的年有效剂量,应改善农村的饮水条件;(4)由于水体的总α、总β放射性活度浓度与U和Th质量浓度变化规律不一致,建议增加226Ra和40K等放射性核素测量,确保饮用水中核素含量尽可能低的水平;(5)广东省饮用水源地水体没有受到放射性核素的污染,处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。
[Abstract]:By monitoring and evaluating the radioactivity level of the water bodies of the key drinking water sources in various prefectures and cities of Guangdong Province, the level and dynamic changes of total alpha and total beta radioactivity in the water bodies of the central drinking water sources were mastered. The basic data were provided for establishing a perfect emergency system and working mechanism for radioactivity safety guarantee of drinking water. The implementation scheme of centralized water quality monitoring for drinking water sources is to select reservoir water, river water and groundwater as the research water types, and 50 drinking water sources in 22 prefecture-level cities of Guangdong Province are selected after optimization, taking full account of the natural environment around drinking water sources and the changes of radionuclides in drinking water sources. Total alpha and total beta radioactivity concentrations in the samples were measured by a four-channel low background alpha and beta meter of type BH1227, using 241Am and high-grade pure KCl as standard sources for total alpha and total beta radioactivity measurements, respectively. Total alpha and total beta radioactivity concentrations in the samples were determined by a medium-thickness relative measurement method. The results are as follows: (1) The average values of total alpha and total beta radioactivity concentrations in all 100 water samples were 0.055 (+ 0.072Bq ~ (- 1) (0.007 ~0.411 Bq ~ (- 1)) and 0.117 (+ 0.083 Bq ~ (- 1) (0.020 ~ 0.397 Bq ~ (- 1)) respectively, and the average ratios of beta to alpha were 2.13; and the average ratios of U to Th ~ (- 1)) were 0.007 to 0.411 Bq (- 1). (2) The total alpha-radioactivity levels of all water samples were 0.054 (+ 0.072Bq (- 1) and 0.056 (+ 0.072 Bq (- 1) and 0.056 (+ 0.072 Bq (- 1) Bq (- 1) and 0.056 (+ 0.0.072 Bq (- 1) Bq (- 1) and 0.118 (- 118 (- 118 (- 118 (- 118 (- 118) Bq (- 0.118 (- 118) Bq (- 0.118 (- 0.118) Bq (- 0.118 (- 0.118) Bq (- 0.086) Bq (- 0.086) Bq (- 1) and 0.116 0.082 Bq.L~(-1), U mass concentrations were 0.28+0.33 ug.L~(-1) and 0.29+0.32 ug.L~(-1), and Th mass concentrations were 0.16+0.39 ug.L~(-1) and 0.17+0.40 ug.L~(-1), respectively. (3) According to different types of water samples, groundwater total alpha and total beta radioactivity concentrations averaged the highest, respectively, 0.214+0.051 Bq.L~(-1) and 0.337+0.057 Bq. Bq.L~(-1), followed by reservoir water, 0.064.101 Bq.L~(-1) and 0.109.072 Bq.L~(-1), respectively. The lowest values of river water were 0.036.020 Bq.L~(-1) and 0.101.059 Bq.L~(-1), respectively. However, the order of U and Th mass concentrations and total alpha, total beta radioactivity concentrations were not the same, and the order of U content was in the same order. (4) According to the standards of < Sanitary Standard for Drinking Water > (GB 5749-2006), the total radioactivity of a < 0.5 Bq (-1) and total beta < 1 Bq (-1), the concentrations of total alpha and total beta in all water samples did not exceed the standard. The concentration of total alpha and total beta radioactivity in the groundwater of Zhanjiang and the reservoir water of Zhuhai is relatively high. The concentration of U and Th in the water samples of Xinxihe Reservoir in Jieyang City is also the highest. The order of total alpha and total beta radioactivity is groundwater reservoir water and river water, the order of U content is river water reservoir water and groundwater, and the order of Th content is reservoir water and river water and groundwater. (3) The groundwater in all water bodies has the highest total radioactivity level, so in order to reduce the annual effective dose accepted by residents for drinking water every year, rural areas should be improved. Drinking water conditions; (4) As the total alpha, total beta radioactivity concentration of water body and U and Th mass concentration change law is not consistent, it is proposed to increase 226Ra and 40K radionuclides measurement to ensure that the content of radionuclides in drinking water as low as possible; (5) Guangdong drinking water source is not polluted by radionuclides, in a normal natural state. Radioactive background level.
【学位授予单位】：广州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X837;X824
[Abstract]:By monitoring and evaluating the radioactivity level of the water bodies of the key drinking water sources in various prefectures and cities of Guangdong Province, the level and dynamic changes of total alpha and total beta radioactivity in the water bodies of the central drinking water sources were mastered. The basic data were provided for establishing a perfect emergency system and working mechanism for radioactivity safety guarantee of drinking water. The implementation scheme of centralized water quality monitoring for drinking water sources is to select reservoir water, river water and groundwater as the research water types, and 50 drinking water sources in 22 prefecture-level cities of Guangdong Province are selected after optimization, taking full account of the natural environment around drinking water sources and the changes of radionuclides in drinking water sources. Total alpha and total beta radioactivity concentrations in the samples were measured by a four-channel low background alpha and beta meter of type BH1227, using 241Am and high-grade pure KCl as standard sources for total alpha and total beta radioactivity measurements, respectively. Total alpha and total beta radioactivity concentrations in the samples were determined by a medium-thickness relative measurement method. The results are as follows: (1) The average values of total alpha and total beta radioactivity concentrations in all 100 water samples were 0.055 (+ 0.072Bq ~ (- 1) (0.007 ~0.411 Bq ~ (- 1)) and 0.117 (+ 0.083 Bq ~ (- 1) (0.020 ~ 0.397 Bq ~ (- 1)) respectively, and the average ratios of beta to alpha were 2.13; and the average ratios of U to Th ~ (- 1)) were 0.007 to 0.411 Bq (- 1). (2) The total alpha-radioactivity levels of all water samples were 0.054 (+ 0.072Bq (- 1) and 0.056 (+ 0.072 Bq (- 1) and 0.056 (+ 0.072 Bq (- 1) Bq (- 1) and 0.056 (+ 0.0.072 Bq (- 1) Bq (- 1) and 0.118 (- 118 (- 118 (- 118 (- 118 (- 118) Bq (- 0.118 (- 118) Bq (- 0.118 (- 0.118) Bq (- 0.118 (- 0.118) Bq (- 0.086) Bq (- 0.086) Bq (- 1) and 0.116 0.082 Bq.L~(-1), U mass concentrations were 0.28+0.33 ug.L~(-1) and 0.29+0.32 ug.L~(-1), and Th mass concentrations were 0.16+0.39 ug.L~(-1) and 0.17+0.40 ug.L~(-1), respectively. (3) According to different types of water samples, groundwater total alpha and total beta radioactivity concentrations averaged the highest, respectively, 0.214+0.051 Bq.L~(-1) and 0.337+0.057 Bq. Bq.L~(-1), followed by reservoir water, 0.064.101 Bq.L~(-1) and 0.109.072 Bq.L~(-1), respectively. The lowest values of river water were 0.036.020 Bq.L~(-1) and 0.101.059 Bq.L~(-1), respectively. However, the order of U and Th mass concentrations and total alpha, total beta radioactivity concentrations were not the same, and the order of U content was in the same order. (4) According to the standards of < Sanitary Standard for Drinking Water > (GB 5749-2006), the total radioactivity of a < 0.5 Bq (-1) and total beta < 1 Bq (-1), the concentrations of total alpha and total beta in all water samples did not exceed the standard. The concentration of total alpha and total beta radioactivity in the groundwater of Zhanjiang and the reservoir water of Zhuhai is relatively high. The concentration of U and Th in the water samples of Xinxihe Reservoir in Jieyang City is also the highest. The order of total alpha and total beta radioactivity is groundwater reservoir water and river water, the order of U content is river water reservoir water and groundwater, and the order of Th content is reservoir water and river water and groundwater. (3) The groundwater in all water bodies has the highest total radioactivity level, so in order to reduce the annual effective dose accepted by residents for drinking water every year, rural areas should be improved. Drinking water conditions; (4) As the total alpha, total beta radioactivity concentration of water body and U and Th mass concentration change law is not consistent, it is proposed to increase 226Ra and 40K radionuclides measurement to ensure that the content of radionuclides in drinking water as low as possible; (5) Guangdong drinking water source is not polluted by radionuclides, in a normal natural state. Radioactive background level.
【学位授予单位】：广州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X837;X824
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相关期刊论文 前10条
1 王瑞俊;段媛媛;高泽全;李园;宋沁楠;;放射性平行样品结果处理的探讨[J];环境监测管理与技术;2016年05期
2 毛万冲;庞荣华;杜W歐，
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