6个时期黄河三角洲滨海湿地动态研究

发布时间：2018-09-12 16:05

【摘要】：以1976年8月、1985年11月、1990年10月、2000年10月、2010年10月和2015年10月的Landsat MSS/TM/ETM+/OLI影像作为数据源,采用面向对象的遥感影像分类方法,提取黄河三角洲滨海湿地信息;利用动态度模型、马尔柯夫转移矩阵和景观指数等方法,分析6个时期黄河三角洲滨海湿地的变化速度、转移类型和景观格局等特征,结合其它辅助资料,分析滨海湿地变化的主要影响因素。研究结果表明,与1976年相比,2015年黄河三角洲地区天然湿地面积大幅减少,共减少了1 627 km~2,而人工湿地面积由1976年的163 km~2增加到2015年的3 054 km~2,在逐时期不断增加;减少的天然湿地主要转化为旱地、养殖池和盐田;到2015年,研究区天然湿地破碎化程度增强、斑块形状复杂度增加,而人工湿地则表现为斑块平均面积增加;在潮水作用、淤积增长速率减慢和黄河断流等自然因素影响下,黄河三角洲滩涂面积明显减小;围海养殖、油田开发、农业开垦等人类活动则是导致黄河三角洲滨海天然湿地面积减少、人工湿地增加的主要因素。
[Abstract]:Taking the Landsat MSS/TM/ETM / OLI images of August 1976, November 1985, October 1990, October 2000, October 2010 and October 2015 as data sources, the information of coastal wetlands in the Yellow River Delta was extracted by object-oriented remote sensing image classification method, and the dynamic model was used. Based on Markov transfer matrix and landscape index, this paper analyzes the change speed, transfer type and landscape pattern of coastal wetlands in the Yellow River Delta in six periods, and analyzes the main influencing factors of the changes in coastal wetlands with other auxiliary data. The results showed that compared with 1976, the natural wetland area in the Yellow River Delta region decreased significantly in 2015, which decreased by 1 627 km~2, while the area of artificial wetland increased from 163 km~2 in 1976 to 3 054 km~2, in 2015. The reduced natural wetlands are mainly converted into drylands, breeding ponds and salt fields. By 2015, the natural wetlands in the study area will become more fragmented, and the complexity of patch shape will increase, while the constructed wetlands will show an increase in the average area of patches. Under the influence of natural factors, such as slow growth rate of siltation and cut off of the Yellow River, the area of tidal flat in the Yellow River Delta is obviously reduced, while human activities such as reforestation, oil field development, agricultural reclamation and other human activities have resulted in the decrease of the area of the natural coastal wetland in the Yellow River Delta. The main factors of the increase of constructed wetland.
【作者单位】：中国科学院湿地生态与环境重点实验室中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所;中国科学院大学;哈尔滨师范大学地理科学学院;
【基金】：国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(2013CB430401)资助
【分类号】：X87;X37

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