中国民用燃煤排放细颗粒物中水溶性离子清单及减排启示

发布时间：2018-09-12 21:26

【摘要】：基于稀释通道采样系统和室内模拟燃烧实验,实测采集两种民用燃煤(蜂窝煤和块煤)燃烧排放的细颗粒物(PM_(2.5)),利用离子色谱分析样品中的Na~+、NH_4~+、Mg~(2+)、K~+、Ca~(2+)、F~-、Cl~-、NO_3~-和SO_4~(2-)等9种水溶性离子,计算得到相关排放因子,并结合能源统计年鉴,基于"自上而下"方法获得2013年全国(除港、澳、台地区)民用燃煤排放PM_(2.5)中水溶性离子的排放总量,以人口密度数据作为空间分布权重因子,建立全国1km×1km的网格化清单.结果表明,除Ca~(2+)和Mg~(2+)以外,蜂窝煤燃烧排放水溶性离子排放因子普遍高于块煤燃烧排放,因而需对块煤加工成蜂窝煤的多种有害组分的减排效果进行系统评估.9种水溶性离子中SO_4~(2-)离子排放因子远高于其他水溶性离子的排放因子;对于蜂窝煤和块煤,分别为494mg/kg和105mg/kg.从阴阳离子当量浓度之比(2.0~2.5)来看,民用燃煤排放一次颗粒物呈酸性.民用燃煤水溶性离子人均排放量最多的省份是山东、河北和北京,分别为520.2,401.1,362.7g/人;单位面积排放强度最高的是山东、北京和上海,分别为323.9,287.3,197.9kg/km~2.从民用燃煤离子单位面积排放强度和人均排放量来看,北京和山东均需要对该类源减排引起足够重视.高分辨率空间分布显示民用燃煤排放水溶性离子分布有以下几个特点:(1)东部高于西部;(2)平原、盆地多;山地、高原少;(3)受到自然地理环境因素和经济发展水平制约,主要集中分布于平原、盆地及河谷地区人口密布,从应对冬季大气重污染过程的角度,需加大对民用燃煤排放水溶性离子及其气态前体物的管控力度.
[Abstract]:Based on the dilution channel sampling system and the indoor combustion simulation experiment, nine water soluble ions (PM_ (2. 5),) and SO_4~ (2. 5) released from the combustion of two kinds of civil coal (honeycomb and bulk coal) were measured by ion-chromatographic analysis. Based on the "top-down" method, the total amount of water-soluble ions emitted from PM_ (2.5) in China (excluding Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan) in 2013 was obtained by calculating the relevant emission factors and combining with the energy statistics yearbook. Taking population density data as the spatial distribution weight factor, the grid list of 1km 脳 1km in China was established. The results showed that, except for Ca~ (2) and Mg~ (2), the water-soluble ion emission factor of honeycomb coal combustion was generally higher than that of bulk coal combustion. Therefore, it is necessary to systematically evaluate the emission reduction effect of various harmful components of mass coal into honeycomb coal. The emission factors of SO_4~ (2-) ions in 9 kinds of water-soluble ions are much higher than those of other water-soluble ions. For honeycomb coal and bulk coal, the emission factors are 494mg/kg and 105 mg / kg, respectively. According to the ratio of the equivalent concentration of anion and anion (2.0 ~ 2.5), the primary particulate matter emitted from coal combustion is acidic. The provinces with the highest water soluble ion emissions per capita were Shandong, Hebei and Beijing, respectively, with 520.2401.1362.7g/ per capita, and Shandong, Beijing and Shanghai with the highest emission intensity per unit area of 323.9287.3197. From the point of view of the emission intensity per unit area and per capita emission of coal ions in civil coal, both Beijing and Shandong should pay enough attention to the emission reduction of this kind of sources. The spatial distribution of high resolution shows that the distribution of water-soluble ions emitted from civil coal combustion has the following characteristics: (1) higher in the east than in the west; (2) more in the plains and basins; less in the mountains than in the highlands; (3) restricted by the factors of the natural geographical environment and the level of economic development. The distribution of water soluble ions and their gaseous precursors in civil coal combustion should be increased from the point of view of dealing with the heavy air pollution in winter.
【作者单位】：南京信息工程大学气象灾害预报预警与评估协同创新中心中国气象局气溶胶与云降水重点开放实验室;中国地质大学(武汉) 环境学院大气科学系;
【基金】：教育部博士点基金(20133228120001) 国家重点研发计划(2016YFA0602002) 国家自然科学基金(41305119)
【分类号】：X799.3

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