松嫩平原西部沼泽湿地碳储量估算

发布时间：2018-09-18 09:57

【摘要】：沼泽湿地生态系统是最主要的湿地类型,也是全球生态系统中不可或缺的一部分。沼泽湿地在全球的自然碳循环中扮演了重要的角色,对全球气候变化起到了巨大的作用。有关研究显示,土壤碳库中千分之一的变化将导致大气圈CO2的含量发生百万份之一的变化,因此,土壤有机碳的准确估算将对全球气候变化的预测和温室效应的预测起到巨大的作用。近年来,国内外对陆地生态系统有机碳储量的研究逐渐增加,但大多数集中在大尺度研究区域的有机碳储量估算,而在小尺度针对单一土地覆盖类型的碳储量研究并不多见,因此开展小尺度,特定土地覆盖类型的碳储量研究具有重要的意义。本文以松嫩平原西部的沼泽湿地为研究区域,运用遥感和GIS技术,结合地面气象资料和NPP数据,采用野外实地调查和实验室测定的方法,分析了沼泽湿地碳储量在不同深度的分布特征;基于Landsat/OLI影像,利用面向对象的分类方法,提取松嫩平原年西部沼泽湿地的空间分布;利用Kriging差值法对研究区土壤有机碳含量和气象资料进行差值分析,进而得到土壤有机碳的空间分布特征和相关影响因素,并计算松嫩平原西部不同深度土壤有机碳储量。研究得到以下结论:(1)松嫩平原西部沼泽湿地土壤有机碳储量垂直分布分析。通过对研究区土壤有机碳储量的垂直分布研究发现,松嫩平原西部沼泽湿度土壤具有比较丰富的碳储量,虽然有机碳含量高且分布深,但有机碳含量分布的差异较大,且地域性较强。土壤有机碳主要集中在表层(0—30cm)土壤中,其碳储量占全部碳储量的一半左右,而中层(30—60Cm)土壤和底层(60—100cm)土壤有机碳储量相差不大,不同层土壤碳密度由高到低依次为表层(0—30cm)中层(30—60cm)底层(60—100cmm)。土壤有机碳密度最大值出现在底层土壤,但平均土壤有机碳密度依然是表层土壤。平均土壤容重由表层至底层逐渐增大,最高值出现在底层,与土壤有机碳含量呈负相关。(2)松嫩平原年西部沼泽湿地土壤有机碳储量空间分布分析。松嫩平原西部沼泽湿地有机碳的水平分布总体上呈现北高南低,东高西低的分布趋势。沼泽湿地土壤有机碳高密度区集中分布在靠研究区北侧临近大兴安岭地区的扎龙保护区一带,而沼泽湿地土壤有机碳低密度区分布较为分散,分布在研究区西南侧靠近内蒙古区域的一侧的向海保护区一带,不同土层的土壤有机碳密度水平分布总体趋势相近,但表层(0—30cm)土壤有机碳密度差异性较大,底层(60—100cm)土壤有机碳密度更加稳定,差异不大。表层(0—30cm)土壤容重水平分布总体呈现由中心向四周逐渐降低的趋势中层(30—60cm)和底层(60—100cm)土壤容重与土壤有机碳含量趋势相似。(3)松嫩平原西部沼泽湿地土壤有机碳含量与气侯要素相关性分析。研究区沼泽湿地土壤有机碳含量与温度相关性较大,尤其表现在表层(0—30cm)土壤,沼泽土壤高有机碳含量多集中在低温地区,而高温地区沼泽土壤有机碳含量较低;沼泽湿地土壤有机碳含量与湿度和降水都呈现正相关,且相关性较为相似。
[Abstract]:Marsh wetland ecosystem is the most important type of wetland and an indispensable part of the global ecosystem. Marsh wetland plays an important role in the global natural carbon cycle and plays an important role in global climate change. The accurate estimation of soil organic carbon will play an important role in predicting global climate change and greenhouse effect. In recent years, the study of terrestrial ecosystem organic carbon reserves has been increasing, but most of them are concentrated in large-scale study area. In this paper, the swamp wetland in the west of Songnen Plain is studied by remote sensing and GIS technology, combined with surface meteorological data and NPP data, and the field application is carried out. Based on Landsat/OLI images, the spatial distribution of marsh wetlands in the western Songnen Plain was extracted by object-oriented classification method, and the difference of soil organic carbon content and meteorological data was analyzed by Kriging difference method. Then the spatial distribution characteristics of soil organic carbon and related influencing factors were obtained, and the soil organic carbon reserves at different depths in the western Songnen Plain were calculated. Soil organic carbon (SOC) is mainly concentrated in the surface (0-30cm) soils, accounting for about half of the total carbon reserves, while the middle (30-60Cm) soils and the bottom (6-6cm) soils. Soil organic carbon storage varied little from 0 cm to 100 cm. The soil carbon density in different layers was in the order of surface (0-30 cm) middle (30-60 cm) bottom (60-100 cm). The maximum density of soil organic carbon appeared in the bottom soil, but the average density of soil organic carbon was still in the top soil. (2) Spatial distribution of soil organic carbon reserves in the swampy wetlands in the western Songnen Plain. The horizontal distribution of soil organic carbon in the swampy wetlands in the western Songnen Plain was generally high in the north and low in the south, high in the East and low in the west. The low density area of soil organic carbon in swampy wetland is dispersed in Zhalong Nature Reserve near Daxing'an Mountains to the north of the study area, and it is distributed in the coastal Nature Reserve near Inner Mongolia to the southwest of the study area. The overall distribution trend of soil organic carbon density in different soil layers is similar, but the surface layer (0-30cm) soil is the same. Soil organic carbon density varies greatly, and the soil organic carbon density in the bottom layer (60-100cm) is more stable than that in the bottom layer (60-100cm). The soil bulk density in the surface layer (0-30cm) decreases gradually from the center to the surrounding area. The soil bulk density in the middle layer (30-60cm) and the bottom layer (60-100cm) is similar to that in the western Songnen Plain. Correlation analysis of soil organic carbon content and climatic factors in swamp wetlands. The correlation between soil organic carbon content and temperature in swamp wetlands was significant, especially in surface soil (0-30cm). The content of high organic carbon in swamp soil was mainly concentrated in low temperature area, while the content of soil organic carbon in high temperature area was relatively low. Carbon content is positively correlated with humidity and precipitation, and the correlation is similar.
【学位授予单位】：延边大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X171

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