基于RS和GIS的瑞金市生态用地变化及生态服务价值研究

发布时间：2018-09-18 19:02

【摘要】：生态用地是指能提供环境调节和生态保育等生态服务功能的土地利用类型,它在维持区域生态平衡和可持续发展中起着重要的作用。瑞金市是江西省东南部的重要生态旅游城市,随着经济的快速发展,城市建设用地不断向外扩张,同时人类活动频繁,人们对土地利用方式也随之改变,这都一定程度的影响了瑞金市生态用地变化,生态用地与城市建设用地的矛盾越发突出。本文借助RS和GIS软件对2000、2005、2010、2014年四期遥感影像进行分类解译,结合生态用地的概念,将生态用地分为耕地、林地、草地、湿地及其他用地,运用土地利用动态度,土地利用转移等数学方法对瑞金市15年间生态用地的变化进行了研究,在这基础上,根据生态服务价值评价法对瑞金市生态服务价值进行了测算,同时从单项服务价值、生态服务价值流向等方面分析了生态用地变化与生态服务价值变化的关系,最后基于保护生态用地,提高生态服务价值的理念,提出了合理优化生态用地配置的建议。本文的研究结果表明:(1)研究区的生态用地的数量逐年减少,且减少的速度不断加快。研究区各生态用地类型之间转化复杂多变,生态用地类型越来越不稳定。从整体的角度看,2000-2014年瑞金市生态用地转移主要是耕地、林地、草地与建设用地之间的相互转换,耕地、林地转向建设用地是生态用地面积减少的主要原因。(2)通过对瑞金市生态用地变化的驱动力进行分析,主要表现为人口、经济、交通发展以及政策对生态用地变化的影响。(3)对研究区生态服务价值及单项生态服务功能分析研究表明:从价值总体来看,2000-2014年研究区的生态服务价值不断减少。从生态用地类型来看,不同生态用地类型表现不同的变化规律,各类生态用地类型的生态服务价值总体呈下降趋势,耕地、草地、其他用地生态服务价值逐年减少,林地与湿地的生态服务价值呈现增减交替变化。从单向生态服务功能价值来看,土壤形成与保护、废物处理、气候调节以及气体调节等生态服务功能价值的下降是引起生态服务价值减少的重要因素。(4)从生态服务价值流向来看,2000-2014年间引起研究区生态服务价值的主要流向为:一是生态用地间的转移,林地、湿地向耕地、草地以及其他用地转移,生态服务价值略有减少;二是生态用地向建设用地转移,各类生态用地向建设用地转移,转移面积较大,导致生态服务价值明显下降。
[Abstract]:Ecological land use is a kind of land use which can provide ecological services such as environmental regulation and ecological conservation. It plays an important role in maintaining regional ecological balance and sustainable development. Ruijin is an important ecotourism city in the southeast of Jiangxi Province. With the rapid development of economy, urban construction land continues to expand outwards, at the same time, human activities are frequent, and people change the way of land use. All of these influence the ecological land use in Ruijin to some extent, and the contradiction between ecological land and urban construction land is more and more prominent. With the help of RS and GIS software, the remote sensing images of 20002005 / 2010 and 2014 are classified and interpreted. Combined with the concept of ecological land, ecological land is divided into cultivated land, woodland, grassland, wetland and other land, and land use dynamic degree is used. The changes of ecological land use in Ruijin City during 15 years are studied by mathematical methods such as land use transfer. On the basis of this, the ecological service value of Ruijin City is calculated according to the evaluation method of ecological service value, and the value of individual service is also measured. The relationship between the change of ecological land use and the change of ecological service value is analyzed. Finally, based on the idea of protecting ecological land and improving the value of ecological service, some suggestions are put forward to optimize the allocation of ecological land. The results show that: (1) the number of ecological land in the study area is decreasing year by year, and the speed of the decrease is accelerating. The conversion of each ecological land type in the study area is complex and changeable, and the ecological land use type is becoming more and more unstable. From the overall point of view, the ecological land transfer in Ruijin City from 2000 to 2014 is mainly the conversion of cultivated land, woodland, grassland and construction land. The conversion of forest land to construction land is the main reason for the decrease of ecological land area. (2) through the analysis of the driving force of ecological land use change in Ruijin City, it is mainly manifested in population and economy. The influence of transportation development and policy on ecological land use change. (3) the analysis of ecological service value and individual ecological service function in the study area shows that the value of ecological service in the study area from 2000 to 2014 decreases continuously from 2000 to 2014. From the perspective of ecological land types, different ecological land types show different changing laws. The ecological service value of all kinds of ecological land types generally shows a downward trend, and the ecological service value of cultivated land, grassland and other land use is decreasing year by year. The ecological service value of woodland and wetland changed alternately. In terms of the value of one-way ecological services, soil formation and protection, waste disposal, The decline of ecological service value, such as climate regulation and gas regulation, is an important factor that causes the decline of ecological service value. (4) from the perspective of the direction of ecological service value, the main flow direction of ecological service value in the study area from 2000 to 2014 is as follows: 1. First, the transfer of ecological land, The value of ecological services is slightly reduced by the transfer of woodland and wetlands to cultivated land, grassland and other land use; second, the transfer of ecological land to construction land, and the transfer of all kinds of ecological land to construction land, with a larger transfer area, As a result, the value of ecological services decreased significantly.
【学位授予单位】：东华理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X24;F301.2

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