土壤质地对蒸气入侵风险评估的影响及模型修正研究
发布时间:2018-10-04 21:07
【摘要】:随着"退二进三、退城进园"步伐的加快,越来越多的"城中厂"或迁入产业园区,或异地安家,相应的遗留下了大量的污染场地。由于土壤污染治理资金的相对有限,国务院出台了"土十条",规定在无法立即修复污染地块的情况下必须对其用途进行管控。而无论是土壤修复或者是"风险管控",其基础都是依据污染物暴露途径进行的风险评估,而污染场地中的主要暴露途径为蒸气入侵(vapor intrusion,Ⅵ),即挥发性污染物从被污染的土壤和地下水中迁移至建筑物地基下,再通过地基裂缝进入到室内,影响室内空气质量的过程。本文通过土柱实验,三维数值模拟和EPA'sⅥ数据库统计分析,研究土壤质地在Ⅵ中的作用,最后再根据研究的结果对目前通用的Ⅵ风险评估模型进行修正。主要的工作包括:(1)选用三种土壤进行土柱实验,模拟存在地下水污染源的情况下,毛细管现象对水分和污染物在土壤中分布的影响。根据水分分布和麦夸特算法拟合出Van Genuchten方程参数,代入到构建的一维数值模型中,获得污染物浓度分布的预测值并与实测值进行比较。结果表明实测值与预测值结果是一致的。这说明利用经典的物质传输方程模拟污染物从地下水到土壤的迁移是可行的。(2)构建三维数值模型,模拟气态污染物在12种典型土壤中蒸气入侵场景。模拟结果表明土壤质地对于污染物从建筑物地基-室内过程中的浓度衰减有显著的影响。但对污染物从污染源-建筑物地基浓度衰减的影响较小(除非是浅污染源)。(3)依据土壤颗粒直径对EPA'sⅥ数据库中污染源-地基,地基-室内,污染源-室内的浓度衰减系数进行分类,再利用SPSS软件统计分析土壤颗粒直径大小对于污染物浓度衰减系数的作用。研究结果与三维数值模拟的结果一致,即土壤颗粒直径并不会造成污染源-地基污染物浓度衰减系数的显著性差异,但是却会影响地基-室内过程。分析结果表明,土壤粒径标为"coarse"或者是"very coarse"的地基-室内浓度衰减系数平均要比土壤粒径标为""细""的数据大0.4个数量级。(4)对目前通用的蒸气入侵风险评估模型(JEM)进行敏感性分析,发现对其预测结果影响最大的参数依次为土壤毛细管层中的含水率、空气交换指数、封闭空间的体积以及毛细管层的厚度。而JEM与三维数值模型的比较发现JEM预测的室内浓度平均要比三维数值模拟结果方式获得预测结果大1-2个数量级。因此,基于敏感性分析结果,本文通过将对JEM的毛细管层的含水率修正为土壤的饱和含水率,修正后的JEM预测结果与三维数值模型的计算结果较为吻合,两者的差距不到1个数量级。
[Abstract]:With the quickening of the pace of "retreating two into three and retreating into garden", more and more "factories in the city" have moved into industrial parks, or settled in different places, leaving a large number of contaminated sites. Due to the relatively limited funds for soil pollution control, the State Council has issued the "Ten rules of the Earth", stipulating that the use of contaminated land must be controlled if it cannot be repaired immediately. Both soil remediation and "risk management" are based on risk assessments based on exposure to pollutants. The main way of exposure in contaminated site is vapor invasion of (vapor intrusion, 鈪,
本文编号:2251878
[Abstract]:With the quickening of the pace of "retreating two into three and retreating into garden", more and more "factories in the city" have moved into industrial parks, or settled in different places, leaving a large number of contaminated sites. Due to the relatively limited funds for soil pollution control, the State Council has issued the "Ten rules of the Earth", stipulating that the use of contaminated land must be controlled if it cannot be repaired immediately. Both soil remediation and "risk management" are based on risk assessments based on exposure to pollutants. The main way of exposure in contaminated site is vapor invasion of (vapor intrusion, 鈪,
本文编号:2251878
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