污水厂多介质环境PAHs时空分布特征和残留影响因素研究

发布时间：2018-10-04 22:58

【摘要】：多环芳烃在环境中分布广泛且化合物种类较多,各个化合物之间的性质差异较大,已经发现有40多种PAHs及其衍生物具有致癌作用。本研究系统分析了哈尔滨市某污水厂2009年至2016年进水、出水、污泥以及大气样品中PAHs的年际变化。并于2015年冬季和2016年夏季采集全国各个省市和自治区共73个污泥样品,用GC-MS对各个样品EPA16种PAHs进行了分析测定,系统的就我国污水厂PAHs的时空分布特征和残留影响因素进行了研究。我国哈尔滨市某污水厂进水、出水和污泥中PAHs的浓度水平随年份均呈现出先上升后下降的趋势,这与哈尔滨年鉴中原煤等能源的消耗呈现出相似的规律。进出水以及污泥和大气的季节变化均呈现出冬夏高于春秋的特点。夏季降雨以及冬季室内灰尘是导致冬夏污水厂进出水以及污泥中总PAHs的浓度明显高于春秋的原因。每天有大约3 600-4 900 g的PAHs随进水进入到污水处理厂,其中有300-1000 g的PAHs随出水排入松花江,另外有140-1 200 g的PAHs通过沉降吸附到污泥中。本研究中哈尔滨某污水厂总PAHs的去除率约为85%,出水中4环的荧和芘去除率较低。我国污泥中PAHs冬夏对比可以发现,哈尔滨、云南不论冬夏其污泥中PAHs的浓度均处于较高水平。广东、福建、安徽南部以及河北南部PAHs含量都处于一个较低的水平。而长春、甘肃则冬夏差异较大。我国污泥的空间分布随着经度的升高而降低随着纬度的升高而增大。冬季集中供暖大大增加了污泥中PAHs的浓度水平,除此之外,重工业发达的地区污泥中PAHs的浓度较高,但是工业生产结构的差异对不同环数PAHs占比的影响不是很大。毒性分布研究发现一般情况下当其浓度水较高时其PAHs的TEQ水平较高。另外我国污泥中的PAHs均为超过中国污泥农用限值。整体上中国的东北、华北、华东、西南以及西北五个行政区域的PAHs均主要来自于汽车尾气的排放,其次为煤炭燃烧。而中南地区则以煤炭燃烧为主,其次为汽车尾气的排放。模拟预测研究发现我国大部分地区污水厂进出水中PAHs的浓度处于一个较低的水平。污水厂外的影响因素主要影响进入污水厂的PAHs的含量,如供暖、重工业发达、汽车保有量大、以及人口密度大、经济发展水平较高的地区其污水厂中PAHs的浓度水平相对较高。而污水厂内如进水工业占比较高、处理水量大、服务人口多等其污水厂中PAHs的浓度水平较高。整体上,污水厂中PAHs的影响因素错综复杂,其时空分布特征是各个影响因素综合作用的结果。
[Abstract]:Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are widely distributed in the environment and have a large variety of compounds. More than 40 kinds of PAHs and their derivatives have been found to have carcinogenic effects. In this study, the interannual variation of PAHs in sewage treatment plant from 2009 to 2016 was systematically analyzed, including influent, effluent, sludge and atmospheric sample. In the winter of 2015 and summer of 2016, 73 samples of sludge were collected from provinces, cities and autonomous regions of China. The PAHs of EPA16 species of each sample was analyzed and determined by GC-MS. The temporal and spatial distribution characteristics and residual factors of PAHs in wastewater treatment plants in China were systematically studied. The concentration of PAHs in the effluent and sludge of a wastewater treatment plant in Harbin showed a trend of first rising and then decreasing with the year, which was similar to the consumption of raw coal and other energy in Harbin yearbook. The seasonal variation of water, sludge and atmosphere were higher in winter and summer than in spring and autumn. Rainfall in summer and indoor dust in winter were the reasons for the higher concentration of total PAHs in sewage treatment plant and sludge than in spring and autumn. About 3 600-4 900 g of PAHs enters the wastewater treatment plant with influent every day, 300-1 000 g of PAHs is discharged into Songhua River with effluent, and 140-1 200 g of PAHs is adsorbed into sludge by settling. In this study, the removal rate of total PAHs in a wastewater treatment plant in Harbin was about 85, and the removal rate of fluorescence and pyrene in the effluent was lower. It was found that the concentration of PAHs in sludge of Harbin and Yunnan was at a high level in winter and summer. PAHs content in Guangdong, Fujian, southern Anhui and southern Hebei is at a low level. Changchun and Gansu are quite different in winter and summer. The spatial distribution of sludge in China increases with the increase of longitude and decreases with the increase of latitude. The concentration of PAHs in sludge was greatly increased by central heating in winter. In addition, the concentration of PAHs in sludge was higher in the developed regions of heavy industry, but the difference of industrial production structure had little effect on the PAHs ratio of different rings. The toxicity distribution showed that the TEQ level of PAHs was higher when the concentration of water was higher. In addition, the PAHs of sludge in China exceeded the agricultural limit of Chinese sludge. Overall, the PAHs of five administrative regions in northeast, east, southwest and northwest of China are mainly from automobile exhaust emissions, followed by coal combustion. The central and southern region is mainly coal combustion, followed by automobile exhaust emissions. Simulation and prediction results show that the concentration of PAHs in wastewater treatment plants in most areas of China is at a low level. The influence factors outside the sewage treatment plant mainly affect the content of PAHs in the wastewater treatment plant, such as heating, heavy industry, large car ownership, large population density and high level of economic development. The concentration of PAHs in the sewage treatment plant is relatively high in the areas where there is a large population density and the level of economic development is relatively high. However, the concentration level of PAHs in wastewater treatment plants is higher than that in wastewater treatment plants, such as the high proportion of influent industry, the large amount of water treated and the large number of service population. As a whole, the influencing factors of PAHs in wastewater treatment plant are complicated, and its space-time distribution is the result of the comprehensive action of various factors.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X703

【参考文献】

相关期刊论文 前10条

1 孙少静;李博;李洪伟;齐虹;彭永臻;;污水处理厂污水和污泥中PAHs的残留及风险研究进展[J];中国环境监测;2017年01期

2 周志刚;王yN;;污水分析法监测毒品滥用信息的方法研究[J];云南警官学院学报;2015年03期

3 Xiaowei Wang;Beidou Xi;Shouliang Huo;Wenjun Sun;Hongwei Pan;Jingtian Zhang;Yuqing Ren;Hongliang Liu;;Characterization, treatment and releases of PBDEs and PAHs in a typical municipal sewage treatment plant situated beside an urban river, East China[J];Journal of Environmental Sciences;2013年07期

4 ;Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the centralized wastewater treatment plant of a chemical industry zone:Removal,mass balance and source analysis[J];Science China(Chemistry);2012年03期

5 马珞;刘俊建;王晓昌;郭静歌;熊家晴;;污水处理厂各工艺阶段多环芳烃变化规律研究[J];环境工程学报;2010年09期

6 吴文婧;谢金开;徐福留;陶澍;;苯并(a)芘在四种食用淡水鱼中的含量和分布[J];环境科学学报;2008年10期

7 ;Contamination of PAHs in Sludge Samples from the Yangtze River Delta Area[J];Pedosphere;2007年03期

8 于国光;王铁冠;吴大鹏;;薪柴燃烧源和燃煤源中多环芳烃的成分谱研究[J];生态环境;2007年02期

9 朴哲华;金莲顺;赵坤;;污水处理厂“四泥”中几种多环芳烃污染物的分析[J];化工科技;2006年05期

10 赵文昌;程金平;谢海;马英歌;王文华;;环境中多环芳烃(PAHs)的来源与监测分析方法[J];环境科学与技术;2006年03期

相关博士学位论文 前2条

1 刘俊建;典型持久性有机污染物在城市污水处理过程中的迁移转化规律研究[D];西安建筑科技大学;2011年

2 马万里;我国土壤和大气中多环芳烃分布特征和大尺度数值模拟[D];哈尔滨工业大学;2010年

相关硕士学位论文 前4条

1 李博;污水处理厂中PACs的迁移转化规律和归趋模型研究[D];哈尔滨工业大学;2016年

2 肖燕;南昌市空气环境中多环芳烃（PAHs）的相分配研究[D];南昌大学;2012年

3 王秋菊;扎龙湿地多介质环境中多环芳烃的残留规律研究[D];哈尔滨工程大学;2012年

4 张凤;我国室内环境多环芳烃残留特征源解析及人体暴露评估[D];哈尔滨工业大学;2011年

，

本文编号：2252208