饮马河流域生态环境敏感性评价

发布时间：2018-10-11 07:24

【摘要】：生态环境是人类赖以生存的物质基础,是实现可持续发展的重要保证,随着社会的发展、人类对自然资源过度利用,许多生态环境出现退化问题,由此引起的大气、土壤、水文等生态环境问题也在不断扩大和加剧。饮马河流域位于吉林省中西部,范围跨长春市全区、吉林市和四平市部分地区,自上游向下游汇入的主要支流包括:双阳河、岔路河、小南河、雾开河、伊通河。其中,最大支流伊通河流域面积占半。全流域人口总数800.9万,城镇化率为68.4%,流域生态状况对城市发展,人民生活至关重要。本文结合饮马河土地利用和实际情况,选取地形地貌、大气环境、水文条件、土壤条件、人类活动、社会资源6个二级指标,选取高程、坡度、年平均降水量、工业废气排放量废水污水排放量、氨氮排放量、土壤pH值、土地利用方式、道路影响范围、人口密度、人均可支配收入、人均公共绿地面积等28个三级指标,构建饮马河流域生态环境敏感性指标体系。懫用层次分析法确定指标权重,在GIS技术支持下,通过加权叠加法分析研究区生态环境敏感性。利用ArcGIS技术强大的空间分析功能,将图形处理与空间数据运算结合,生成敏感性评价图,评价结果直观,为生态环境敏感性分析提供了技术支持。对饮马河流域生态环境敏感性进行面积统计分析,得出以下结论:流域内极敏感地区面积为2.33×103km2,占流域面积1.37%,高度敏感区域面积为4.94×103km2,占流域面积29.03%,中度敏感区面积为4.59×103km2,占流域面积26.97%,低度敏感区面积为5.75×103km2,占流域面积33.82%,不敏感地区面积为1.5×103km2,占流域面积的8.81%。并通过分析不同敏感程度区域生态问题及形成因素,提出了改善该饮马河流域生态环境敏感性的对策和建议。
[Abstract]:The ecological environment is the material foundation on which human beings depend for survival and an important guarantee for the realization of sustainable development. With the development of society and the over-utilization of natural resources by human beings, many ecological environment has been degraded, resulting in the atmosphere and soil. Ecological and environmental problems such as hydrology are also expanding and intensifying. The Yinma River Basin is located in the central and western Jilin Province, covering the whole area of Changchun, Jilin and Siping. The main tributaries from upstream to downstream include Shuangyang River, Chalu River, Xiaonan River, Wukai River and Yitong River. Among them, the largest tributary Yitong River basin area accounts for half. The total population of the whole basin is 8.009 million and the urbanization rate is 68.4. The ecological condition of the basin is very important to the development of the city and the life of the people. Combined with the land use and actual conditions of the Yinma River, this paper selects six secondary indexes of topography, atmospheric environment, hydrological condition, soil condition, human activity, social resources, height, slope, annual average precipitation, etc. Industrial waste gas discharge wastewater discharge, ammonia nitrogen discharge, soil pH value, land use mode, road influence range, population density, per capita disposable income, per capita public green area, etc. The ecological environment sensitivity index system of Yinma River Basin was constructed. Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was used to determine the index weight. With the support of GIS technology, the eco-environmental sensitivity of the study area was analyzed by weighted superposition method. By using the powerful spatial analysis function of ArcGIS technology, the graph processing and spatial data operation are combined to generate the sensitivity evaluation map. The evaluation result is intuitionistic and provides the technical support for the ecological environment sensitivity analysis. The sensitivity of ecological environment in Yinma River Basin was analyzed by area statistics. The following conclusions are drawn: the area of extremely sensitive area in the basin is 2.33 脳 103 km2, accounting for 1.37 km2, the area of highly sensitive area is 4.94 脳 103 km2, the area of middle sensitive area is 29.03, the area of moderate sensitive area is 4.59 脳 103 km2, the area of low sensitive area is 5.75 脳 103 km ~ 2, and the area of low sensitive area is 5.75 脳 10 ~ 3 km ~ 2, accounting for the basin area. The area of insensitive area is 1.5 脳 10 ~ 3 km ~ 2, accounting for 8.81% of the basin area. Based on the analysis of the ecological problems in different sensitive regions and the forming factors, the countermeasures and suggestions for improving the ecological environmental sensitivity of the Yinma River basin were put forward.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X826

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