第四次工业革命对环境治理体系建设的影响与挑战

发布时间：2018-10-11 18:29

【摘要】：以人工智能为代表的第四次工业革命发展迅速,特别是能源和新材料技术的突破,极大可能改变人类现有能源格局,并对建立在化石能源思维下的传统环境治理体系带来巨大影响。为此,本文梳理了第四次工业革命代表性的科技进展,分析了其对国家环境治理体系的积极影响:(1)将改变建立在化石能源基础上的工业、农业和城市形态,打破经济发展对资源、能源和土地的高度依赖,彻底告别环境污染和生态破坏;(2)将真正实现面向现在和未来的数据精准决策,显著改善人类应对不确定性环境风险能力。另一方面,由于人工智能会极大提升公民个体对复杂科学技术和社会规则的掌握能力,会改变传统治理结构中政府—市场—社会三元力量对比,给政府在环境治理领域的政策制定和执行带来新的挑战:(1)公众的能力足以使得他们对政府做出的任何不利于自己的政策提出挑战,政府信息公开和透明决策压力空前;(2)社交媒体使得公众对政府及主流媒体信息的关注大大下降,对政府如何利用新型社交媒体进行环境保护宣传教育提出了新的挑战,同时也对社会管理部门如何培育环保社会组织,弥补政府影响力下降所产生的空白提出了新的课题;(3)个体可以同时具有律师、会计、记者等处理复杂社会问题的能力,挑战政府维护社会公平稳定的利益裁量权,对环境司法公正提出更高要求。当前,中国正在进行环境体制改革创新,追求环境治理体系和治理能力现代化,如何关注、分析并积极适应由于技术变革引起的经济基础和上层建筑变化,避免制度资源错配,对于我们这样一个正在进行工业化的后发型国家尤为重要。文章最后建议,要高度关注这个领域的研究前沿进展,在制定发展规划与改革措施过程中,以未来的技术环境为出发点;要加强治理创新,引导技术朝着有利环境保护的方向发展;要加强技术对国家治理体系和治理能力双向影响研究,推进政府改革与创新,为人民提供更好的公共产品。
[Abstract]:The rapid development of the fourth industrial revolution, represented by artificial intelligence, especially the breakthroughs in energy and new material technologies, is highly likely to change the existing energy pattern of mankind. It has a great influence on the traditional environmental management system based on fossil energy. Therefore, this paper reviews the representative scientific and technological progress of the fourth Industrial Revolution and analyzes its positive impact on the national environmental governance system. (1) it will change the industrial, agricultural and urban forms based on fossil energy. Break the high dependence of economic development on resources, energy and land, completely bid farewell to environmental pollution and ecological destruction; (2) will truly realize the current and future data accurate decision-making, significantly improve the ability of mankind to deal with uncertain environmental risks. On the other hand, because artificial intelligence will greatly enhance the individual citizen's ability to master complex science, technology and social rules, it will change the traditional governance structure of government, market and society. New challenges to the formulation and implementation of government policies in the area of environmental governance: (I) the ability of the public to challenge any policy that the Government makes against itself, The pressure of open and transparent decision-making on government information is unprecedented; (2) Social media have significantly reduced public attention to government and mainstream media information, posing new challenges to how governments use new social media to promote and educate on environmental protection, At the same time, it also puts forward a new topic on how social management departments cultivate environmental protection social organizations and make up for the gaps caused by the decline in government influence. (3) individuals can simultaneously have the ability to deal with complex social problems such as lawyers, accountants, journalists, etc. It challenges the government to maintain the interests of social fairness and stability, and puts forward higher requirements for environmental justice. At present, China is carrying out environmental system reform and innovation, pursuing the modernization of environmental governance system and governance ability. How to pay attention to, analyze and actively adapt to the changes in economic base and superstructure caused by technological change, and avoid the mismatch of institutional resources. It is particularly important for a country like ours that is industrializing. Finally, the paper suggests that we should pay close attention to the frontier research progress in this field, take the future technological environment as the starting point in the process of formulating development planning and reform measures, and strengthen governance innovation. It is necessary to strengthen the research on the bidirectional impact of technology on the national governance system and governance ability, to promote government reform and innovation, and to provide better public goods for the people.
【作者单位】：清华大学公共管理学院;中国环境与发展国际合作委员会秘书处;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目“‘十三五’期间我国社会安全风险治理研究”(批准号:71642005)
【分类号】：X32

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