矿山环境修复治理模式理论与实践

发布时间：2018-10-18 07:34

【摘要】：为促进我国矿山环境修复治理工作,从矿山环境问题的系统性与复杂性出发,探讨了矿山环境修复治理模式相关理论,明确提出矿山环境修复治理模式的定义。围绕矿山环境问题修复治理模式所涉及的对象、目标、技术及模式构成等核心内容展开了系统深入研究。用逐层分析的方法梳理了治理修复对象的主要控制因素;从多角度将治理目标分为地质工程目标、土地修复目标及生态修复目标;总结归纳了消灾修复技术、工程修复技术、生态修复技术、生物修复技术四类主要矿山环境修复治理技术;最后,提出了以对象明确、目标控制、技术厘定为基础的矿山环境修复治理模式体系构建方法。以煤炭矿山沉陷盆地问题为例,提出了沉陷盆地修复治理的目标与要求,筛选了适用的消灾修复技术,共构建五例适用于沉陷盆地问题的矿山环境修复治理模式。以内蒙古和河北两例采煤矿山沉陷盆地问题防治实践为例,根据二者沉陷盆地问题发生的实际情况选取适用的治理模式并分析了其在实际工程中的应用效果。
[Abstract]:In order to promote the work of mine environment restoration and treatment in our country, the related theories of mine environment restoration and treatment model are discussed from the systematic and complexity of mine environment problems, and the definition of mine environment restoration and treatment mode is put forward clearly. In this paper, the object, target, technology and model constitution of mine environmental problem remediation and treatment model are studied systematically and deeply. The main controlling factors of remediation object are sorted out by the method of layer by layer analysis; the governance goal is divided into geological engineering target, land restoration target and ecological restoration target from many angles; the disaster abatement restoration technology and engineering restoration technology are summarized and summarized. Ecological remediation technology, bioremediation technology, four main mine environment remediation technologies, and finally, the construction method of mine environment restoration management model system based on clear object, target control and technology determination is put forward. Taking the problem of coal mine subsidence basin as an example, the paper puts forward the aim and requirement of subsidence basin restoration and remediation, selects the applicable disaster reduction and restoration technology, and constructs five mine environment rehabilitation models suitable for subsidence basin problem. Taking two cases of coal mining subsidence basin problem prevention and cure practice in Inner Mongolia and Hebei as examples, according to the actual situation of the two subsidence basin problems, the suitable treatment model is selected and its application effect in practical engineering is analyzed.
【作者单位】：中国矿业大学(北京)地球科学与测绘工程学院;国家煤矿水害防治工程技术研究中心;中国地质大学(北京)工程技术学院;
【基金】：中国地质调查局资助项目(1212011220228) 国家自然科学基金资助项目(41572222,41272276)
【分类号】：TD167;X171.4

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