南四湖流域非点源污染负荷估算及其对土地利用变化的响应研究

发布时间：2018-10-18 07:45

【摘要】：随着人类社会经济的高速发展,我国水资源短缺现象愈发明显,其中非点源污染带来的水质下降是造成水资源短缺的重要因素。非点源污染在造成水质恶化和水体富营养化的同时,带来了湿地退化等其他生态环境问题,严重威胁着人类的生产和生活及其社会经济的可持续发展。开展流域非点源污染时空格局、防治分区演变特征及土地利用影响的研究,可为流域污染防治和生态环境可持续发展提供重要的理论依据和技术支撑。因此,结合遥感(RS)、地理信息系统(GIS)以及相关的非点源污染模型,综合考虑土地利用类型、畜禽养殖以及人口等影响因素,对区域非点源污染负荷进行定性定量化研究,分析其空间分布格局,对土地利用影响因素的重点研究,可促进区域资源环境的可持续发展,并推动人类生产生活和社会经济的协调发展。本研究以南四湖流域为研究对象,基于3S技术,运用输出系数模型和等标污染负荷法,对流域1990~2013年氮、磷非点源污染时空演变特征进行分析,探讨流域非点源污染的主要污染物、主要污染源和影响TN、TP变动的最活跃单元,运用聚类分析法进行氮、磷污染防治分区演变分析。通过进行土地利用变化幅度分析、动态度分析、空间动态分析和转移矩阵分析等方法,对流域1990年以来土地利用变化趋势进行分析,并运用贡献率和单位贡献率指数等概念分析流域非点源污染负荷对近24年来土地利用变化的响应。本文的主要结论如下:(1)1990~2013年期间,南四湖流域非点源TN和TP多年平均排放量分别为182660.43 t/a和10335.53 t/a,变化趋势为先上升再下降后趋于平稳;流域非点源污染的主要污染物为TN;TN的主要污染源是土地利用,TP的主要污染源是农业生活和畜禽养殖;降水是影响TN、TP变动的最活跃的单元。(2)南四湖流域非点源TN、TP的非点源污染程度分布不均匀,整体而言,湖西地区的污染程度比湖东地区严重,且污染程度的地区差异有缩小趋势;湖西地区是重点治理区,北沙河流域、光府河流域和梁济运河流域是优先控制和重点治理区。(3)6种土地利用类型中,建设用地和水域面积有所增加,耕地、林地、草地、未利用土地的面积有所减少,且变化幅度大小排序为:建设用地耕地水域林地草地未利用土地;UCI相对于贡献率更能客观的反映土地利用对非点源污染的影响,其中耕地对非点源污染的影响程度较高,其他土地利用类型影响程度较低且差距不大。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of human society and economy, the shortage of water resources is becoming more and more obvious in China, among which the decline of water quality caused by non-point source pollution is an important factor that causes the shortage of water resources. Non-point source pollution not only causes water quality deterioration and eutrophication, but also brings other ecological environmental problems, such as wetland degradation, which seriously threaten the production and life of human beings and the sustainable development of social economy. The research on the spatial and temporal pattern of non-point source pollution, the characteristics of zoning evolution and the impact of land use can provide important theoretical basis and technical support for watershed pollution prevention and sustainable development of ecological environment. Therefore, combined with remote sensing (RS), geographic information system (RS),) (GIS) and related non-point source pollution model, considering the influence factors such as land use type, livestock and poultry breeding and population, the regional non-point source pollution load is studied qualitatively and quantitatively. The analysis of its spatial distribution pattern and the key research on the influencing factors of land use can promote the sustainable development of regional resources and environment, and promote the coordinated development of human production and life and social economy. Taking Nansihu Basin as the research object, based on 3s technology, using output coefficient model and isometric pollution load method, the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of non-point source pollution of nitrogen and phosphorus in the basin from 1990 to 2013 were analyzed. The main pollutants of non-point source pollution, the main pollution sources and the most active units affecting the change of TN,TP were discussed. The evolution of nitrogen and phosphorus pollution control zoning was analyzed by cluster analysis. By means of land use change amplitude analysis, dynamic degree analysis, spatial dynamic analysis and transfer matrix analysis, the trend of land use change has been analyzed since 1990. The response of non-point source pollution load to land use change in the last 24 years was analyzed by using the concepts of contribution rate and unit contribution rate index. The main conclusions of this paper are as follows: (1) from 1990 to 2013, the annual average emissions of TN and TP from non-point sources in Nansihu Basin were 182660.43 t / a and 10335.53 t / a, respectively. Land use is the main pollution source of TN;TN, and the main pollution source of TP is agricultural life and livestock and poultry breeding. Precipitation is the most active unit that affects the change of TN,TP. (2) the non-point source pollution degree of non-point source TN,TP in Nansihu Lake basin is not uniform. On the whole, the pollution degree in the western part of the lake is more serious than that in the eastern part of the lake, and the regional difference of the pollution degree has a tendency to decrease. Huxi area is the key control area, while the North Shahe River Basin, Guangfuhe River Basin and Liangji Canal Basin are the priority control and key control areas. (3) among the six land use types, the area of construction land and water area has increased, and the cultivated land, forest land and grassland have been increased. The area of unused land was decreased, and the order of change was as follows: land for construction land, water, woodland and grassland were unused; UCI could reflect the impact of land use on non-point source pollution more objectively than the contribution rate. The effect of cultivated land on non-point source pollution is higher than that of other land use types.
【学位授予单位】：曲阜师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F301.24;X52

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