菌糠腐熟菌分离鉴定及其腐熟过程的动态研究

发布时间：2018-10-25 14:41

【摘要】：我国食用菌产业发展快速且规模庞大,然而,产生的大量菌糠得不到及时处理,会给食用菌产地造成严重的环境污染。通过微生物堆肥腐熟发酵处理食用菌菌糠,成为解决这一问题的主要方法之一。由于传统堆肥存在发酵耗时长、难腐熟、肥效低等特点缺点,难以大规模进行;现代堆肥腐熟发酵工艺一般在发酵过程中添加微生物菌剂,可显著缩短堆肥时间,有效提高终产物的品质。因此,本研究开展了菌糠腐熟菌株分离鉴定及其腐熟过程的动态研究,研究结果如下:(1)分离鉴定了3株耐热高效腐熟菌,通过16S rDNA序列分析,确定三株菌分别为Bacillus sp.YSJ-1、Bacillus sp.YSJ-2、PaeniBacillus sp.YSJ-3。当红糖、氯化钙分别作为碳源和无机盐时,Bacillus sp.YSJ-1的活菌数最多和产芽孢效果最好;当蔗糖、碳酸钙+磷酸二氢钾分别作为碳源和无机盐时,Bacillus sp.YSJ-2的活菌数最多和产芽孢效果最好;当菌糠、硫酸镁分别作为腐熟菌PaeniBacillus sp.YSJ-3的碳源和无机盐时,其活菌数最多和产芽孢效果最好。(2)优化了3株耐热高效腐熟菌菌剂制备条件。选取70℃作为腐熟菌Bacillus sp.YSJ-1、Bacillus sp.YSJ-2和PaeniBacillus sp.YSJ-3三株菌剂的最适干燥温度;菌液最适pH分别为8.0、7.0、8.0。当培养液作保护剂时,对3种菌剂有效活菌数有明显促进作用。选取3h作为3种菌剂的最佳干燥时间。(3)以菌糠为底物,分别加入Bacillus sp.YSJ-1、Bacillus sp.YSJ-2和PaeniBacillus sp.YSJ-3菌进行堆肥发酵。堆肥温度最高达到53.3℃、49.1℃、50.6℃,分别比初始温度提高了45.2%、50.6%、40.6%。最终pH值7.1、7.31、7.13。TOC(Total Organic Carbon)含量分别为706.34g/kg、707.52g/kg、709.38g/kg。全氮含量为24.94g/kg、24.69g/kg、24.09g/kg,分别比堆肥前提高了43.09%、43.79%、33.6%。C/N分别为28.32、28.66、29.44。速效磷分别为480.55mg/kg、472.96mg/kg、486.73mg/kg,分别比初始值提高了37.52%、40.95%、39.94%。速效钾最终的含量分别为21579.85mg/kg、20476.06mg/kg、21037.61mg/kg,分别提高了34.69%、26.99%、33.52%。总养分含量分别是51.92g/kg、50.34g/kg、50.45g/kg,达到NY 525-2012有机肥料行业标准。上述各指标,实验组和对照组间存在显著差异(P0.05);重金属Cu、Zn含量都远低于土壤环境质量标准中的一级标准值,Fe含量符合欧洲标准,As、Hg、Cd、Cr、Pb的含量也是远低于NY525-2012有机肥标准。实验组比空白对照组的发芽率分别提高了20%、18%、19.33%,实验组和对照组存在显著差异(P0.05)。(4)分析实验结果发现,在金针菇菌糠中接入腐熟菌Bacillus sp.YSJ-1、Bacillus sp.YSJ-2、PaeniBacillus sp.YSJ-3菌进行堆肥发酵,堆肥后的菌糠理化性质符合NY 525-2012有机肥料行业标准。所以通过堆肥腐熟发酵制备有机肥是可行的。
[Abstract]:The edible fungus industry in China is developing rapidly and on a large scale. However, the large amount of mushroom bran produced can not be treated in time, which will cause serious environmental pollution to the edible fungus producing area. It is one of the main methods to solve this problem by microbial composting and mature fermentation to treat edible fungus bran. Because the traditional composting has the characteristics of long fermentation time, hard to rot, low fertilizer efficiency and so on, it is difficult to carry out on a large scale, and the modern composting fermentation technology generally adds microbial bacteria in the fermentation process, which can significantly shorten the composting time. Improve the quality of the final product effectively. The results are as follows: (1) three heat-resistant and high-efficiency rotting bacteria were isolated and identified. By 16s rDNA sequence analysis, three strains were identified as Bacillus sp.YSJ-1,Bacillus sp.YSJ-2,PaeniBacillus sp.YSJ-3.. When brown sugar and calcium chloride were used as carbon source and inorganic salt respectively, the number of live bacteria and the effect of producing spores of Bacillus sp.YSJ-1 were the best, while when sucrose and potassium dihydrogen carbonate were used as carbon source and inorganic salt, Bacillus sp.YSJ-2 had the best number of live bacteria and the best effect of producing spores. When the bran and magnesium sulfate were used as carbon source and inorganic salt of PaeniBacillus sp.YSJ-3, the number of viable bacteria was the most and the effect of spores production was the best. (2) the preparation conditions of three heat-resistant and high-efficient mature bacteria were optimized. The optimum drying temperature of Bacillus sp.YSJ-1,Bacillus sp.YSJ-2 and PaeniBacillus sp.YSJ-3 was 70 鈩，

本文编号：2293994