烟花爆竹燃放对北京大气污染物和水溶性无机离子的影响

发布时间：2018-10-25 15:32

【摘要】：为了解春节期间烟花爆竹燃放对北京大气污染物和PM_(2.5)中水溶性无机离子贡献的影响,采用浓度特征对比、相关性分析等方法,对2011年2月1日—3月1日期间的PM_(10)、气态污染物、PM_(2.5)中水溶性无机离子浓度等在线数据进行了分析.结果表明:烟花爆竹的燃放会在短时间内加重PM_(10)颗粒物污染,集中燃放期(含除夕、春节、正月初五、元宵节)ρ(PM_(10))和φ(SO_2)(分别为232μg/m~3和40.2×10~(-9))是非集中燃放期(63μg/m~3和16.0×10~(-9))的3.7和2.5倍,燃放烟花爆竹对ρ(PM_(10))和φ(SO_2)的小时贡献率分别达到56.8%和35.6%;但对φ(CO)、φ(NO)、φ(NO2)无显著影响.而观测期间由其他因素导致的污染期ρ(PM_(10))和各气态污染物小时体积分数有所增加,分别是非集中燃放期的3.0~8.3倍.燃放烟花爆竹对PM_(2.5)中ρ(Mg~(2+))、ρ(K~+)、ρ(Cl~-)的影响最大,分别为非集中燃放期的65.0、31.6、6.9倍,贡献率分别为88.6%、87.2%、65.8%.ρ(Mg~(2+))、ρ(K~+)与ρ(Cl~-)在集中燃放期表现出较高的相关性(R0.9).污染期ρ(SO_4~(2-))、ρ(NO_3~-)、ρ(NH_4~+)明显升高,分别为非集中燃放期的3.8、16.4、8.3倍,同时高于集中燃放期(分别为2.7、2.5、2.1倍).集中燃放期PM_(2.5)中主要以NH_4HSO_4、NH_4NO_3、KNO_3、KCl、NH_4Cl、MgCl_2等形式存在.集中燃放期硫氧化物转化率(SOR)高于非集中燃放期和污染期,而氮氧化物转化率(NOR)则是污染期最高.研究显示,燃放烟花爆竹对ρ(PM_(10))及PM_(2.5)中ρ(Mg~(2+))、ρ(K~+)、ρ(Cl~-)影响最大,污染期各离子浓度均有大幅升高,NOR在污染期的高值是导致ρ(NO_3~-)升高的重要原因.
[Abstract]:In order to understand the effect of fireworks and firecrackers on the contribution of atmospheric pollutants and water-soluble inorganic ions in PM_ _ (2.5) in Beijing during the Spring Festival, concentration characteristics were compared and correlation analysis was used. The online data of PM_ (10), gaseous pollutants and water soluble inorganic ions in PM_ (2.5) from February 1 to March 1, 2011 were analyzed. The results showed that the discharge of fireworks and firecrackers would aggravate the pollution of PM_ (10) particles in a short time. The concentration discharge period (including New Year's Eve, Spring Festival, the fifth day of the first month, the Lantern Festival) 蟻 (PM_ (10) and 蠁 (SO_2) (232 渭 g/m~3 and 40.2 脳 10 ~ (-9) were 3.7 and 2.5 times higher than those of the non-centralized discharge periods (63 渭 g/m~3 and 16.0 脳 10 ~ (-9), respectively). The contribution rates of fireworks to 蟻 (PM_ (10) and 蠁 (SO_2) reached 56.8% and 35.6%, respectively, but had no significant effect on 蠁 (CO), 蠁 (NO), 蠁 (NO2). During the observed period, 蟻 (PM_ _ (10) and the hourly volume fraction of each gaseous pollutant increased, which were 3. 0 ~ 8. 3 times as much as that of the non-concentrated discharge period, respectively. The effect of setting off fireworks on 蟻 (Mg~ (2), 蟻 (K~), 蟻 (Cl~-) in PM_ _ (2. 5) was the greatest, which was 65.0 / 31.66.9 times of that of non-concentrated discharge period, respectively, and the contribution rate was 87.2 / 65.8. 蟻 (Mg~ (2), 蟻 (K~) and 蟻 (Cl~-) showed a higher correlation (R0.9) in the concentrated discharge period. The SO_4~ (2-), 蟻 (NO_3~-), 蟻 (NH_4~) in the pollution period was significantly higher than that in the non-centralized ignition stage, which was 8.3 times higher than that in the non-centralized ignition stage, and was higher than that in the centralized ignition period (2.7g / 2.52.1g, respectively). PM_ (2. 5) mainly exists in the form of NH_4HSO_4,NH_4NO_3,KNO_3,KCl,NH_4Cl,MgCl_2. The sulfur oxide conversion rate (SOR) in the concentrated combustion stage was higher than that in the non-centralized combustion stage and the pollution stage, while the nitrogen oxide conversion rate (NOR) was the highest in the pollution period. The results showed that the discharge of fireworks and firecrackers had the greatest influence on 蟻 (Mg~ (2), 蟻 (K ~), 蟻 (Cl~-) in 蟻 (PM_ (10) and PM_ (2.5), and the concentration of each ion increased significantly in the pollution period. The high value of NOR in the pollution period was the important reason for the increase of 蟻 (NO_3~-).
【作者单位】：中国海洋大学海洋与大气学院;中国环境科学研究院环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室;
【基金】：国家“十三五”科技支撑计划项目(2014BAC23B01;2014BAC06B01)
【分类号】：X513

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