某炼油厂建设项目对地下水水质影响研究

发布时间：2018-11-18 12:46

【摘要】：在工业发展过程中,石油工业是不可替代的。石油工业在给予人类众多便利之余,石油污染问题也变得日益严峻。石油污染物会危害人类健康,有可能导致癌症和基因突变。在石油生产的过程中,石油污染物可能通过泄漏或含油污水进入土壤,然后直接或间接通过降雨进入包气带,最后进入地下水中,进而引发了一系列的地下水污染,严重影响人类的健康。因此,研究炼油厂的升级改造过程中石油污染物对地下水水质的影响是很有必要的。某炼油厂位于山东省济南市。根据地质资料和水文地质资料可查明,研究区所在地形地貌主要是坡积—冲积平原,其地质构造在总体上是一个以古生代地层为主体的北倾单斜构造,区域内主要包含三类含水岩组其主要类型为碳酸盐岩裂隙—岩溶含水岩组。本文研究了炼油厂升级改造过程中对地下水水质的影响。为提高炼油厂的安全环保水平,为了落实加工工艺的清洁化,炼油厂对其催化裂化装置、烟气脱硝脱硫系统、S-zorb系统进行改造和配套设施的改造,对其现有的废水处理情况和改造情况进行分析,其改造过程中的污染隐患主要是污水管道的泄漏。对炼油厂周边的地下水监测中未检出石油污染物和硫化物污染物。在炼油厂可能发生渗漏的区域取两次土样,进行了土壤浸溶液试验,结果表明未检测到硫化物,但石油类浓度为0.04mg/L。依据研究区的水文地质条件和地质条件,建立相应的地下水水流三维数值模型。分析区域条件,确定模拟区域,对含水层和边界条件进行了概化,建立水文地质概念模型,通过对模型进行识别和验证来确定模型的参数,进一步建立溶质运移模型,最后预测了非正常工况和风险工况下污染物的运移。预测结果表明,各污染物的迁移主要向北北西方向运移,各污染因子的初始最大污染浓度普遍较高,但随着时间的迁移,污染物浓度迅速下降。在非正常工况的条件下,污染羽长度较小,污染范围较小。而在风险工况的条件下,由于其初始浓度高,污染物扩散面积较大且浓度较大。在污染物运移50年后,污染物运移至王舍人镇西部。根据预测结果来看,一旦发生泄漏,对地下水水质影响较为明显,所以管道的防渗检漏工作是不容忽视的。根据拟建项目对地下水的污染隐患情况并结合预测结果,对拟建项目提出了分区防渗措施和监测井布置措施。在装置区、罐区、地下管道需采取必要的防渗措施。根据污染物运移情况,考虑到下游敏感点和炼油厂潜在的污染源,为了能了解厂址周边地下水水质情况并能及时发现污染,共布设四眼潜水监测井。
[Abstract]:In the process of industrial development, the petroleum industry is irreplaceable. Oil pollution is becoming more and more serious in the petroleum industry. Oil pollutants can harm human health and can lead to cancer and genetic mutations. In the process of petroleum production, oil pollutants may enter the soil through leakage or oily sewage, and then directly or indirectly through rainfall into the aeration zone, and finally into the groundwater, and then cause a series of groundwater pollution. Seriously affect human health. Therefore, it is necessary to study the influence of petroleum pollutants on groundwater quality in the process of refinery upgrading. A refinery is located in Jinan, Shandong Province. According to the geological data and hydrogeological data, it can be found that the topography and geomorphology of the study area are mainly slope-alluvial plain, and its geological structure is a northerly monoclinal structure with Paleozoic strata as the main body. There are three types of water-bearing rocks in the area, the main type of which is carbonate fissure-karst water-bearing rock formation. In this paper, the influence of refinery upgrading on groundwater quality is studied. In order to improve the level of safety and environmental protection of the refinery, in order to realize the cleanliness of the processing process, the refinery reformed its catalytic cracking unit, flue gas denitrification system, S-zorb system and supporting facilities. The existing wastewater treatment and retrofit are analyzed. The main pollution hidden danger is leakage of sewage pipe. Oil pollutants and sulfides were not detected in groundwater monitoring around refineries. Soil samples were taken twice in the area where leakage may occur in the refinery. The results showed that no sulfides were detected, but the oil concentration was 0.04 mg / L. According to the hydrogeological and geological conditions of the study area, the corresponding three-dimensional numerical model of groundwater flow is established. Analysis of regional conditions, determination of simulated areas, generalization of aquifer and boundary conditions, establishment of hydrogeological conceptual model, identification and verification of the model to determine the parameters of the model, further establishment of solute transport model, Finally, the transport of pollutants under abnormal and risk conditions is predicted. The predicted results show that the transport of pollutants mainly moves north, north and west, and the initial maximum pollution concentration of each pollution factor is generally higher, but with the migration of time, the concentration of pollutants decreases rapidly. Under the condition of abnormal working condition, the length of pollution plume is smaller and the range of pollution is smaller. However, under the condition of risk condition, due to its high initial concentration, the pollutant diffusion area is larger and the concentration is larger. After 50 years of pollutant migration, pollutants moved to the west of Wangsherren Town. According to the forecast results, once leakage occurs, the influence on groundwater quality is obvious, so the leakage detection work of pipeline can not be ignored. According to the potential pollution of groundwater caused by the proposed project and combined with the forecast results, the paper puts forward the measures of partition seepage control and monitoring well arrangement for the proposed project. Necessary anti-seepage measures should be taken in installation area, tank area and underground pipeline. Considering the sensitive points in the downstream and the potential pollution sources of the refinery, in order to understand the groundwater quality around the plant site and detect the pollution in time, four phreatic monitoring wells were set up according to the pollutant transport situation.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X82

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