宁波市江东区公共厕所空间布局研究

发布时间：2018-11-21 12:30

【摘要】：公共服务设施空间布局研究较早即受到关注,公共厕所(以下简称为“公厕”)作为城市公共服务设施的重要组成部分,是为公众提供服务的不可或缺的环境卫生设施。尤其是在国家提出生态文明建设的关键时期,对于经济建设、环境建设、文化建设等的城市发展提出了新要求新标准的大背景下,不断完善城市环境卫生基础设施建设,积极营造均衡公平的公共服务设施供给氛围,努力提高居民的出行舒适性成为一种迫切的需求。在宁波市城市总体规划(2006-2020年)(2015年修订)中对宁波的城市环境卫生公共服务设施建设提出了更高的要求,预计到2020年市区公厕能够达到2800人/座标准,能够更好的满足公众需求。城市公共服务设施研究一直是城市研究的重点,涵盖设施类型丰富,如医疗、教育、零售业、避难场所、市政基础设施(垃圾填埋场、污水处理厂等)等。以往研究中对明显影响居民生活的设施关注较多,而对与居民生活切身相关、分布广泛但设施自身服务范围较小的公厕空间布局的研究则关注较少。公厕作为环境卫生设施必需的组成部分,其区位布局的均衡性、公平性关系着居民出行的舒适度,因此,公厕区位优化研究是城市公共服务设施优化布局不可缺少的环节。本研究对宁波市江东区公厕的空间布局特征及其不足展开分析,主要研究内容为:(1)通过实地调研,对研究区内公厕的现状布局进行分析,归纳公厕分布特点及不足;(2)根据调研中研究区公厕分布不足,利用GIS中区位-配置模型对研究区公厕重新进行区位选址,初步优化公厕空间布局。(3)对优化后公厕区位进行可达性和公平性评价。最终得到江东区公厕最优空间布局方案:保留研究区内现有设施较好的44座公厕,调整63所,新增7所。调整方案降低了中心城区公厕过度集中的现象,增加了人口分布相对稀疏地区公厕数量。公厕设施服务能力向人口居住相对分散地区的适度外溢,整体上提高了研究区内居民入厕可达性水平和公厕设施服务公平性。
[Abstract]:As an important part of urban public service facilities, public toilets (hereinafter referred to as "public toilets") are indispensable environmental sanitation facilities for providing services to the public. Especially in the key period when the country put forward the construction of ecological civilization, and against the background of the new requirements and new standards for the urban development of economic construction, environmental construction, cultural construction, etc., the infrastructure construction of urban environmental health has been continuously improved. It is an urgent need to create a balanced and fair atmosphere for the supply of public service facilities and to improve the travel comfort of residents. In Ningbo's urban master plan (2006-2020) (revised in 2015), higher requirements have been put forward for the construction of public facilities for urban environmental hygiene in Ningbo. It is estimated that by 2020, the public toilets in urban areas will reach the standard of 2800 people per seat. To better meet the needs of the public. Urban public service facilities have been the focus of urban research, covering a variety of facilities, such as health care, education, retail, shelter, municipal infrastructure (landfills, sewage treatment plants, etc.). In the previous studies, more attention has been paid to the facilities that obviously affect the residents' lives, but less attention has been paid to the layout of public toilets which are closely related to the residents' lives and are widely distributed but whose service scope is relatively small. Public toilets as an essential part of environmental sanitation facilities, the balance of its location layout, fairness related to the comfort of residents travel, therefore, the study of public toilets location optimization is an indispensable link in the optimal layout of urban public service facilities. The main contents of this study are as follows: (1) through field investigation, the present situation of public toilets in the study area is analyzed, and the distribution characteristics and shortcomings of public toilets are summarized. (2) according to the insufficient distribution of public toilets in the research area, the location of public toilets in the study area was re-located by using the location-allocation model of GIS. (3) to evaluate the accessibility and fairness of public toilets after optimization. Finally, the optimal layout of public toilets in Jiangdong District was obtained: 44 public toilets with better facilities were retained, 63 latrines were adjusted, and 7 public toilets were added. The adjustment scheme reduces the phenomenon of excessive concentration of public toilets in central urban areas and increases the number of public toilets in relatively sparsely populated areas. The moderate spillover of public toilet facilities service capacity to the relatively dispersed population improved the level of access to toilets and the fairness of public toilet facilities service in the study area as a whole.
【学位授予单位】：宁波大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TU993

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