制革废水处理工艺运行优化研究
发布时间：2018-12-07 19:11
【摘要】：制革行业是我国轻工行业中的支柱产业,同时也是污染较严重的行业。制革废水因含有高浓度的蛋白质、脂肪,以及生产过程中加入的硫化钠、铬鞣剂、染料、无机盐、石灰等化工原料使其成为较难处理的工业废水。尽管自2011年3月1日实施的HJ2003-2010《制革及毛皮加工废水治理工程技术规范》对制革废水治理工程设计、施工、验收和运行管理的技术要求提出明确规定,但2014年3月1日实施的GB30486-2013《制革及毛皮加工工业水污染物排放标准》,明确增加了制革废水排放应重点控制的总氮等特征污染物项目指标,并收紧了排放限值和基准排水量指标,使制革行业环保治理水平的全面提升势在必行。本课题以某年产85万张真皮革企业2500m3/d制革废水处理工程为实例,在掌握各类废水污染特征、设计处理负荷与工艺设计参数等基础上,通过现场调试阐明运行主要存在问题,拟定试验方案,科学获取各工艺处理单元真实因果关系,进而优化构建各项水质指标全面稳定达标排放完整的组合处理工艺,对规范制革废水处理及实现行业可持续健康发展具有积极的现实意义。研究结果表明,废水预处理是保证综合废水生化系统发挥功效进而实现全面稳定达标排放的关键,原含硫废水预处理采用“催化氧化+混凝沉淀”工艺,受pH、催化剂投加量、催化氧化时间、供氧量、温度等诸多因素影响,其中工程建设时一般不采取催化氧化反应加温措施,致使冬季低温时催化氧化效率降低而对含硫废水预处理不彻底,造成综合废水中硫化物含量超过微生物抑制浓度;优化后含硫废水预处理采用“催化氧化+化学沉淀”工艺,即使催化氧化反应试验温度10℃时,也可使预处理后含硫废水平均出水COD_(Cr)3589mg/L、去除效率70.2%,S2-41.2mg/L、去除效率96.7%,完全满足综合废水生化系统正常稳定运行条件。原综合废水采用“物化+两级A/O+好氧”组合主体处理工艺,其中“两级A/O+好氧”构成的两段好氧均为活性污泥法,平均出水COD_(Cr)270mg/L、去除效率88.5%,NH_4~+-N60mg/L、去除效率82.9%,TN180mg/L、去除效率63.6%,难以使污水处理站出水水质TN指标达到GB30486-2013《制革及毛皮加工工业水污染物排放标准》表2新建企业间接排放限值140mg/L的规定要求;优化后综合废水采用“物化+两级A/O+厌氧/生物接触氧化+物化”组合主体处理工艺,即将原后段好氧改造成厌氧/生物接触氧化,形成独特的泥膜混合法,通过高效微生物载体,提高了整个生化处理系统去碳脱氮能力,再辅以物化处理单元进行混凝沉淀,平均出水COD_(Cr)175mg/L、去除效率93.5%,NH_4~+-N35mg/L、去除效率90.3%,TN80mg/L、去除效率86.6%,确保了污水处理站各项出水水质指标全面稳定达标排放。
[Abstract]:Leather industry is a pillar industry in light industry of our country, and it is also a serious pollution industry. Tannery wastewater contains high concentration of protein, fat, sodium sulfide, chrome tanning agent, dyestuff, inorganic salt, lime and other chemical raw materials to make it more difficult to treat industrial wastewater. Although the HJ2003-2010 Technical Specification for the treatment of Tannery and Fur processing Wastewater has been implemented since March 1, 2011, the technical requirements for the design, construction, acceptance and operation management of the tannery wastewater treatment project are clearly stipulated. However, on March 1, 2014, the GB30486-2013 "discharge Standard of Water pollutants in Tannery and Fur processing Industry" has clearly increased the project indexes of characteristic pollutants such as total nitrogen which should be controlled emphatically in the discharge of tannery wastewater. It is imperative to improve the environmental protection management level of leather industry by tightening the emission limit and the standard water displacement index. Taking the 2500m3/d tannery wastewater treatment project of an annual production of 850000 genuine leather enterprises as an example, on the basis of mastering the pollution characteristics of various kinds of wastewater, design treatment load and process design parameters, the main problems in operation are explained through field debugging. Draw up the test plan, scientifically obtain the real causality of each process treatment unit, and then optimize and construct the combined treatment process which is comprehensive and stable to meet the discharge standard of each water quality index. It has positive practical significance for standardizing the treatment of tannery wastewater and realizing the sustainable and healthy development of the industry. The results show that the pretreatment of wastewater is the key to ensure the comprehensive wastewater biochemical system to exert its function and achieve the overall and stable discharge standard. The original sulfur-containing wastewater pretreatment adopts the process of "catalytic oxidation coagulation and sedimentation" and is added by pH, catalyst. The catalytic oxidation time, oxygen supply, temperature and so on are affected by many factors. In engineering construction, the catalytic oxidation reaction is not heated, which results in the reduction of catalytic oxidation efficiency at low temperature in winter and the incomplete pretreatment of sulfur-containing wastewater. The sulphide content in the wastewater exceeds the microbial inhibition concentration. The pre-treatment of sulfur-containing wastewater after optimization uses the process of "catalytic oxidation chemical precipitation". Even when the reaction temperature of catalytic oxidation test is 10 鈩，
本文编号：2367690
[Abstract]:Leather industry is a pillar industry in light industry of our country, and it is also a serious pollution industry. Tannery wastewater contains high concentration of protein, fat, sodium sulfide, chrome tanning agent, dyestuff, inorganic salt, lime and other chemical raw materials to make it more difficult to treat industrial wastewater. Although the HJ2003-2010 Technical Specification for the treatment of Tannery and Fur processing Wastewater has been implemented since March 1, 2011, the technical requirements for the design, construction, acceptance and operation management of the tannery wastewater treatment project are clearly stipulated. However, on March 1, 2014, the GB30486-2013 "discharge Standard of Water pollutants in Tannery and Fur processing Industry" has clearly increased the project indexes of characteristic pollutants such as total nitrogen which should be controlled emphatically in the discharge of tannery wastewater. It is imperative to improve the environmental protection management level of leather industry by tightening the emission limit and the standard water displacement index. Taking the 2500m3/d tannery wastewater treatment project of an annual production of 850000 genuine leather enterprises as an example, on the basis of mastering the pollution characteristics of various kinds of wastewater, design treatment load and process design parameters, the main problems in operation are explained through field debugging. Draw up the test plan, scientifically obtain the real causality of each process treatment unit, and then optimize and construct the combined treatment process which is comprehensive and stable to meet the discharge standard of each water quality index. It has positive practical significance for standardizing the treatment of tannery wastewater and realizing the sustainable and healthy development of the industry. The results show that the pretreatment of wastewater is the key to ensure the comprehensive wastewater biochemical system to exert its function and achieve the overall and stable discharge standard. The original sulfur-containing wastewater pretreatment adopts the process of "catalytic oxidation coagulation and sedimentation" and is added by pH, catalyst. The catalytic oxidation time, oxygen supply, temperature and so on are affected by many factors. In engineering construction, the catalytic oxidation reaction is not heated, which results in the reduction of catalytic oxidation efficiency at low temperature in winter and the incomplete pretreatment of sulfur-containing wastewater. The sulphide content in the wastewater exceeds the microbial inhibition concentration. The pre-treatment of sulfur-containing wastewater after optimization uses the process of "catalytic oxidation chemical precipitation". Even when the reaction temperature of catalytic oxidation test is 10 鈩，
本文编号：2367690
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