压力型环境治理—临汾市地方政府环境治理变迁研究

发布时间：2018-12-13 02:33

【摘要】：环境与人类的生存和发展息息相关。中国的社会和经济在取得飞速发展的同时,环境污染问题却愈演愈劣,威胁着国民健康。各种环境危机事件使中央和地方政府受到了各方的质疑,政府公信力受到影响。针对目前环境治理存在的问题,中国已经制定了较为完备的法律法规,环境政策也日趋成熟。但是,环境恶化趋势仍未根本遏制。要探究其原因还需要从分析地方政府环境治理的角度入手。目前,中国对环境政治和环境政策的研究还处于起步阶段。近来兴起的环境政治学多以中央政府层面的分析为重,忽视了地方政府在环境决策与环境执行中的压力与动力。笔者所选案例——山西省临汾市的环境污染治理经历了诸多波折:从2006年的"污染之都"跃升为2012年的"环保模范城市"再退回到2017年的"污染之都"。笔者将以山西临汾为案例,将同一地区不同阶段的环境政策作为分析对象,从政策变迁的角度来观察地方政府在环境政策制定和执行过程中各行为主体之间的互动关系,着力探讨造成这种压力型环境治理的压力因素。本文以戴维·伊斯顿的政治系统分析为基本框架,根据政策变迁中的倡导联盟理论和政策执行中的沟通模型框架,并结合当今中国的政治生态与政策环境因素,从五个变量角度(社会经济条件、地方政府主要领导人、非政府行为体、其他政策子系统以及政治制度)对个案进行分析。笔者认为当前地方政府的环境治理路径表现出了压力型体制下的运动式治理特征,因此可称之为"压力型环境治理"。造成这种特征的因素多样且复杂。首先,受制于所在地方的社会经济条件的影响;其次,政治制度的副作用给地方政府的环境治理工作带来压力的同时也限制了地方政府的环境治理行为;第三,其他政策目标与环境治理目标产生偏差从而影响了地方政府对环境治理的重视程度;第四,地方政府领导人个人因素对环境政策的具体执行的影响;最后,工业企业、网络问政、非政府组织、公众参与等外部因素对地方政府的环境治理产生的压力。对"压力型环境治理"的研究,有助于我们更好地认识和理解地方政府在环境治理过程中存在的问题,也有助于我们以更加理性和科学的态度对这些问题提供有所裨益的解决措施。
[Abstract]:The environment is closely related to the survival and development of human beings. With the rapid development of China's society and economy, the environmental pollution problem is getting worse and worse, threatening the health of the people. All kinds of environmental crisis make the central and local governments be questioned by all parties, and the credibility of the government is affected. In view of the problems existing in environmental governance at present, China has formulated relatively complete laws and regulations, and environmental policies are becoming more and more mature. However, the trend of environmental degradation has not been fundamentally curbed. In order to explore the reasons, we should analyze the environmental governance of local government. At present, China's research on environmental politics and policies is still in its infancy. The recent rise of environmental politics is based on the analysis of central government, ignoring the pressure and power of local government in environmental decision-making and implementation. The case selected by the author, Linfen City of Shanxi Province, has experienced many twists and turns: from "pollution capital" in 2006 to "environmental protection model city" in 2012 and back to "pollution capital" in 2017. Taking Linfen, Shanxi Province as an example, the author will take different stages of environmental policy in the same area as the object of analysis, and observe the interaction between the actors in the process of environmental policy formulation and implementation by local governments from the perspective of policy changes. Focus on the stress factors that cause this kind of pressure environmental management. This paper takes David Easton's political system analysis as the basic framework, according to the theory of advocacy alliance in policy change and the communication model framework in policy implementation, and combines the political ecology and policy environment factors in China today. The case is analyzed from five variables (socio-economic conditions, local government leaders, non-governmental actors, other policy subsystems and political systems). The author thinks that the current environmental governance path of local governments shows the characteristics of motion governance under the pressure type system, so it can be called as "pressure environmental governance". The factors contributing to this feature are diverse and complex. Firstly, it is subject to the influence of the local social and economic conditions; secondly, the side effects of the political system bring pressure to the local government's environmental governance work, but also limit the local government's environmental governance behavior. Third, the deviation between other policy objectives and environmental governance objectives has affected the importance of environmental governance by local governments, fourth, the impact of individual factors of local government leaders on the implementation of environmental policies; Finally, external factors such as industrial enterprises, network governance, non-governmental organizations, public participation and other external factors exert pressure on the environmental governance of local governments. The study of "stress environmental governance" is helpful for us to better understand and understand the problems existing in the process of environmental governance by local governments. It also helps us to provide more rational and scientific solutions to these problems.
【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X321

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