白洋淀多环芳烃与有机氯农药季节性污染特征及来源分析

发布时间：2018-12-14 18:23

【摘要】：为研究白洋淀表层水体中多环芳烃(polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,PAHs)和有机氯农药(organochlorine pesticides,OCPs)的季节性污染特征及来源,分析了白洋淀12个监测断面春、夏两季表层水体中17种PAHs和15种OCPs的浓度.结果表明,白洋淀春季表层水体中PAHs总浓度范围是35.38~88.06 ng·L~(-1),平均值为46.57 ng·L~(-1),夏季表层水体中PAHs总浓度范围是25.64~301.41 ng·L~(-1),平均值为76.23 ng·L~(-1);白洋淀春季表层水体中OCPs总浓度范围是0.69~4.50 ng·L~(-1),平均值为1.77 ng·L~(-1);夏季表层水体中OCPs总浓度范围是0.11~3.20 ng·L~(-1),平均值为0.90 ng·L~(-1).白洋淀春、夏两季表层水体中PAHs季节性污染特征表现为前塘、关城和安新桥等3个断面夏季PAHs总浓度要远高于春季,而其他9个断面则均表现为春季略高于夏季;OCPs季节性污染特征表现为关城断面夏季OCPs总浓度高于春季,而其他11个监测断面均表现为春季高于夏季.从白洋淀春、夏两季表层水体PAHs和OCPs组成特征来看,春季各监测断面PAHs主要以三环芳烃为主,占PAHs总浓度的比例为45.92%~61.36%(平均为52.60%);夏季安新桥、前塘和关城等3个监测断面主要以二环芳烃萘(Naphthalene,Nap)为主,其浓度分别占PAHs总浓度的比例高达84.91%、91.04%和78.10%,其他9个监测断面主要以三环芳烃为主,占PAHs总浓度的比例为37.14%~53.90%(平均为48.94%);白洋淀表层水体中只有HCHs和DDTs有不同程度检出,且呈现出以HCHs为主的污染特征,其中,春季各监测断面表层水体中HCHs均以β-HCH为主,占HCHs总浓度的29.94%~100%,平均比例为59.87%,而夏季大张庄、郭里口等5个监测断面表层水体中HCHs以β-HCH为主,占HCHs总浓度的57.55%~80.23%,平均比例为61.98%,其他断面以α-HCHs和δ-HCH为主.分析白洋淀春、夏两季表层水体中PAHs和OCPs的来源,PAHs同分异构体比值显示其PAHs主要来源于燃烧源,部分监测断面还存在石油源;而OCPs同分异构体比值显示其OCPs主要来源于环境残留和大气的长距离传输.白洋淀表层水体中PAHs和OCPs浓度不超过不同国家和组织制定的相关水质标准,但安新桥和圈头两个监测断面表层水体中α-HCH、p,p'-DDD浓度超过了美国环保署制定的人体健康水质基准,表明α-HCH和p,p'-DDD可能会对白洋淀淀区居民产生潜在有害影响.
[Abstract]:In order to study the seasonal pollution characteristics and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,PAHs) and organochlorine pesticides (organochlorine pesticides,OCPs) in the surface water of Baiyangdian Lake, 12 monitoring sections of Baiyangdian Lake were analyzed. Concentrations of 17 PAHs and 15 OCPs in surface water in summer and summer. The results showed that the total concentration range of PAHs in surface water of Baiyangdian in spring was 35.388.06 ng L ~ (-1), the average value was 46.57 ng L ~ (-1), and the total concentration of PAHs in surface water in summer was 25.64 ~ 301.41 ng L ~ (-1). The mean value was 76.23 ng L ~ (-1); The total concentration range of OCPs in surface water of Baiyangdian in spring is 0.69 ~ 4.50 ng L ~ (-1), the average is 1.77 ng L ~ (-1); The total concentration range of OCPs in surface water in summer is 0.110.20 ng L ~ (-1), with an average of 0.90 ng L ~ (-1). The seasonal pollution characteristics of PAHs in surface water in Baiyangdian spring and summer are Qiantang, Guancheng and Anxinqiao, the total PAHs concentration in summer is much higher than that in spring, while the other 9 sections are slightly higher in spring than in summer. The seasonal pollution characteristics of OCPs showed that the total concentration of OCPs in summer was higher than that in spring, while the other 11 monitoring sections were higher in spring than in summer. According to the composition of PAHs and OCPs in the surface water of Baiyangdian spring and summer, the PAHs of each monitoring section in spring was mainly composed of tricyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, which accounted for 45.92% of the total PAHs concentration (average 52.60%). In summer, the three monitoring sections of Anxinqiao, Qiantang and Guancheng were mainly dicyclic aromatic naphthalene (Naphthalene,Nap), whose concentrations were as high as 84.91% and 78.104%, respectively, in the total concentration of PAHs. The other 9 monitoring sections were mainly tricyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, accounting for 37.14% of the total concentration of PAHs 53.90% (average 48.94%); In the surface water of Baiyangdian, only HCHs and DDTs were detected to some extent, and the pollution characteristics were mainly HCHs. Among them, 尾-HCH was the main HCHs in the surface water of each monitoring section in spring, accounting for 29.94100% of the total HCHs concentration. The average ratio was 59.87, while in summer, 尾-HCH was dominant in the surface water of the five monitoring sections, such as DaZhangzhuang and Guolikou, accounting for 57.55% of the total concentration of HCHs. The average ratio was 61.98. The other sections are mainly 伪-HCHs and 未-HCH. The sources of PAHs and OCPs in the surface water of Baiyangdian Lake in spring and summer were analyzed. The ratio of PAHs isomers showed that the PAHs was mainly from the combustion source, and there were oil sources in some monitoring sections. The isomer ratio of OCPs shows that its OCPs is mainly derived from environmental residues and long distance transport in the atmosphere. The concentrations of PAHs and OCPs in the surface water of Baiyangdian do not exceed the relevant water quality standards established by different countries and organizations, but 伪-HCH,p, in the surface water of Anxinqiao and Huankou are monitored. The concentration of p'-DDD exceeded the standard of human health water quality established by EPA, indicating that 伪-HCH and PTED may have a potentially harmful effect on the residents of Baiyangdian Lake area.
【作者单位】： 海河流域水环境监测中心;南开大学环境污染过程与基准教育部重点实验室;
【基金】：环境污染过程与基准教育部重点实验室开放课题项目(KL-PPEC-2015-3) 科技部国际科技合作专项(2013DFA71340) 国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2012ZX07203-002)
【分类号】：X524

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