某铀尾矿库周边环境土壤和地表水放射性水平测量与健康风险评价
发布时间：2018-12-27 11:34
【摘要】：铀尾矿砂属于低比活度放射性物质,但由于废物量庞大,放射性核素种类多,毒性高,对环境和人类健康构成长期潜在的威胁。铀尾矿库周边环境放射性水平调查与研究对铀尾矿库生态环境保护、水冶厂环境污染治理和当地经济可持续发展具有一定意义。以某铀尾矿库周边水和土壤环境为研究对象。通过放射性比活度测量法,测量土壤总α和总β放射性比活度、土壤和地表水238U、226Ra、232Th和40K等天然放射性含量。绘制土壤和地表水放射性核素含量随监测位置变化图,分析土壤和地表水放射性核素含量的分布特征。使用外照射吸收剂量估算法和内梅罗综合污染指数法,评价铀尾矿库周边环境对人类健康的影响。调查区域的研究结果如下:1、铀尾矿库和山南水冶厂周边土壤238U、226Ra、232Th和40K含量大小顺序分别为:226Ra238U40K232Th和238U226Ra40K232Th。放射性核素含量在不同位置差别较大。总α、总β、238U和226Ra含量,距铀尾矿库由近及远减弱明显,居民区土壤总α、总β、238U、226Ra和232Th放射性已达到环境本底水平,40K含量略高于环境本底水平,说明铀尾矿库堤坝有效防止放射性废物对库区居民的影响。2、铀尾矿库和山南水冶厂周边地表水238U、226Ra和232Th含量大小随取样断面变化规律相同:污染源头控制断面削减断面环境本底值,距铀水冶厂由近及远,核素含量减弱明显。40K含量先减小后增大。居民区地表水238U、226Ra、232Th和40K含量高于抚州市环境本底值。3、铀尾矿库堤坝土壤有效当量剂量平均值为0.35mSv/a,不影响工作人员健康。居民生活区土壤有效当量剂量平均值为0.84 mSv/a,说明库区居民区土壤不影响居民健康和生产。4、山南水冶厂和铀尾矿库周边地表水自然稀释后,内梅罗综合指数为II级,对库区居民健康和生产无放射性危害。
[Abstract]:Uranium tailings are low specific activity radioactive materials, but because of the large amount of waste, many kinds of radionuclides and high toxicity, they pose a long-term potential threat to the environment and human health. The investigation and study on the radioactivity level of the surrounding environment of uranium tailings reservoir is of certain significance to the ecological environment protection of uranium tailings reservoir, the environmental pollution control of hydrometallurgical plant and the sustainable development of local economy. The surrounding water and soil environment of a uranium tailings reservoir were studied. The total 伪 and total 尾 radioactivity of soil and the natural radioactivity of 238U 226Rai 232Th and 40K in soil and surface water were measured by the method of specific activity measurement. The radionuclide contents of soil and surface water were plotted and the distribution characteristics of radionuclides in soil and surface water were analyzed. The effects of environment around uranium tailings reservoir on human health were evaluated by using the method of estimating the absorbed dose of external irradiation and the comprehensive pollution index of Nemero. The results of the investigation are as follows: 1. The order of the contents of 238UU 226RaN 232Th and 40K in the soil around uranium tailings and Shannan Hydrometallurgical Plant is 226Ra238U40K232Th and 238U226Ra40K232Th. The content of radionuclides varies greatly in different locations. The contents of total 伪, total 尾, 238U and 226Ra, and the distance from uranium tailing pool to uranium tailing pool are obviously weakened. The total 伪, total 尾, 238U 226Ra and 232Th radioactivity of soil in residential areas have reached the environmental background level, and the 40K content is slightly higher than the environmental background level, the total 伪, total 尾, 238U 226Ra and 232Th radioactivity have reached the environmental background level. It is shown that the dike of uranium tailings reservoir can effectively prevent the effect of radioactive waste on residents of the reservoir area. 2. The surface water around the uranium tailings reservoir and Shannan hydrometallurgical plant is 238U. The contents of 226Ra and 232Th are the same as those of sampling section: the environmental background value of cross section is reduced by the pollution source control section, which is near and far away from uranium hydrometallurgical plant, the nuclide content decreases obviously, and the content of 40K decreases first and then increases. The contents of 238UZ226Ra22Th and 40K in surface water of residential area are higher than the environmental background value of Fuzhou. 3. The average effective equivalent dose of soil effective equivalent dose is 0.35mSv / a, which does not affect the health of the workers. The average effective equivalent dose of soil in residential areas is 0. 84 mSv/a, which indicates that the soil of residential areas in the reservoir area does not affect the health and production of residents. 4. After natural dilution of surface water around Shannan Hydrometallurgical Plant and uranium tailings reservoir, The comprehensive index of Nemero is II, which is not harmful to the health and production of residents in the reservoir area.
【学位授予单位】：东华理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X837;X82
[Abstract]:Uranium tailings are low specific activity radioactive materials, but because of the large amount of waste, many kinds of radionuclides and high toxicity, they pose a long-term potential threat to the environment and human health. The investigation and study on the radioactivity level of the surrounding environment of uranium tailings reservoir is of certain significance to the ecological environment protection of uranium tailings reservoir, the environmental pollution control of hydrometallurgical plant and the sustainable development of local economy. The surrounding water and soil environment of a uranium tailings reservoir were studied. The total 伪 and total 尾 radioactivity of soil and the natural radioactivity of 238U 226Rai 232Th and 40K in soil and surface water were measured by the method of specific activity measurement. The radionuclide contents of soil and surface water were plotted and the distribution characteristics of radionuclides in soil and surface water were analyzed. The effects of environment around uranium tailings reservoir on human health were evaluated by using the method of estimating the absorbed dose of external irradiation and the comprehensive pollution index of Nemero. The results of the investigation are as follows: 1. The order of the contents of 238UU 226RaN 232Th and 40K in the soil around uranium tailings and Shannan Hydrometallurgical Plant is 226Ra238U40K232Th and 238U226Ra40K232Th. The content of radionuclides varies greatly in different locations. The contents of total 伪, total 尾, 238U and 226Ra, and the distance from uranium tailing pool to uranium tailing pool are obviously weakened. The total 伪, total 尾, 238U 226Ra and 232Th radioactivity of soil in residential areas have reached the environmental background level, and the 40K content is slightly higher than the environmental background level, the total 伪, total 尾, 238U 226Ra and 232Th radioactivity have reached the environmental background level. It is shown that the dike of uranium tailings reservoir can effectively prevent the effect of radioactive waste on residents of the reservoir area. 2. The surface water around the uranium tailings reservoir and Shannan hydrometallurgical plant is 238U. The contents of 226Ra and 232Th are the same as those of sampling section: the environmental background value of cross section is reduced by the pollution source control section, which is near and far away from uranium hydrometallurgical plant, the nuclide content decreases obviously, and the content of 40K decreases first and then increases. The contents of 238UZ226Ra22Th and 40K in surface water of residential area are higher than the environmental background value of Fuzhou. 3. The average effective equivalent dose of soil effective equivalent dose is 0.35mSv / a, which does not affect the health of the workers. The average effective equivalent dose of soil in residential areas is 0. 84 mSv/a, which indicates that the soil of residential areas in the reservoir area does not affect the health and production of residents. 4. After natural dilution of surface water around Shannan Hydrometallurgical Plant and uranium tailings reservoir, The comprehensive index of Nemero is II, which is not harmful to the health and production of residents in the reservoir area.
【学位授予单位】：东华理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X837;X82
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