污损性海鞘的生态特点研究展望

发布时间：2019-02-13 09:35

【摘要】：海鞘生长快,繁殖迅速,能产生大量在短时间内附着的幼虫,是海洋污损生物群落中的重要成员,对海上人工设施会产生严重危害。污损性海鞘主要由悉尼海鞘(Ascidia sydneiensis)、史氏菊海鞘(Botryllus schlosseri)、米氏小叶鞘(Diplosoma listerianum)、柄瘤海鞘(Styela clava)、红贺海鞘(Herdmania momus)等9科29属103种组成,其中在太平洋海域64种、印度洋23种、大西洋44种,而北冰洋海域仅3种;另外,其附着污损具有明显的地域性和季节特点,并与深度有关。今后应加强污损性海鞘的生态调查和分类研究,阐明深海及两极海域附着污损特点,揭示幼虫附着变态过程的分子调控机理,完善幼虫采集培养技术,以期更好地掌握海鞘生物学特性与生态特点,丰富和发展海洋生态学内容,并为海洋污损生物的防除奠定基础,促进海洋经济产业的发展。
[Abstract]:The sea sheaths grow fast and reproduce rapidly. They can produce a large number of larvae attached in a short period of time. They are important members of the marine fouling communities and will cause serious harm to the artificial facilities on the sea. The tainted sea sheaths are mainly composed of 103 species of (Botryllus schlosseri), (Diplosoma listerianum), petiole sheath, (Diplosoma listerianum), petiole, (Herdmania momus), etc. of 9 families and 29 genera, including 64 species in the Pacific Ocean, of which 64 species are found in the Pacific Ocean, including 9 families, 29 genera and 29 genera, among which 64 species are found in the Pacific Ocean. There are 23 species in the Indian Ocean, 44 species in the Atlantic Ocean, and 3 species in the Arctic Ocean. In addition, the adhesion and fouling has obvious regional and seasonal characteristics, and is related to depth. In the future, the ecological investigation and classification of the contaminated sea sheath should be strengthened, the characteristics of the fouling in the deep sea and the polar sea area should be clarified, the molecular regulation mechanism of the process of larval attachment and metamorphosis should be revealed, and the collection and culture techniques of the larvae should be improved. In order to better grasp the biological and ecological characteristics of sea sheaths, enrich and develop the contents of marine ecology, lay a foundation for the prevention of marine fouling organisms, and promote the development of marine economic industry.
【作者单位】：中国科学院南海海洋研究所热带海洋生物资源与生态重点实验室;中国科学院大学;中国科学院海洋环境腐蚀与生物污损重点实验室;国家海洋局第三海洋研究所;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金(41176102) 广州市科技计划项目(2013J4300046) 中国科学院海洋环境腐蚀与生物污损重点实验室开放课题(MCKF201601)
【分类号】：Q958.8;X55

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