地方政府环境治理的激励机制研究

发布时间：2019-04-09 08:50

【摘要】：“高消耗、高排放”的经济增长模式,导致我国环境污染问题相当严峻。近年来,雾霾困扰了我国大部分地区,而且呈现出时间长、范围广的特点,大气污染问题突出,水污染、土壤污染事件也屡见不鲜。严峻的污染形势,迫切要求政府综合运用各种治理手段进行环境治理,提升环境质量水平。此外,我国环境绩效排名靠后以及环境群体事件频发的现状,也对我国政府进行环境治理提出了更高的要求。保护环境、践行科学发展观成为当今社会的重要议题。在此背景下,本文从政治激励层面的环境监管、经济激励层面的财政竞争和社会激励层面的公民参与,研究地方政府环境治理的激励机制,不仅可以为地方政府的行为取向提供解释,也可以为促进地方政府进行环境治理指明方向和提供路径。基于国内外学者的研究,本文结合我国环境特征研究地方政府环境治理的激励机制。文章首先分析了地方政府环境治理以及激励的理论基础,提出了地方政府环境治理激励机制的整体框架,即政治激励层面的环境监管机制、经济激励层面的财政竞争制度和社会激励层面的公民参与机制联合构成。其次,对我国地方政府环境治理激励机制的实施现状进行分析。同时,提出我国地方政府环境治理激励中存在环境监管体系尚不健全、政府间财政竞争不够规范以及公民参与环境治理程度不高等问题。在前文基础上,运用2005-2014年我国30个省份的省级面板数据,研究环境监管中的节能减排问责制、财政竞争以及公民参与对地方政府环境治理的激励效果。实证结果显示:节能减排问责制、财政竞争和公民参与都能有效减少污染排放,对地方政府环境治理具有明显的激励效果。究其原因,作为环境监管的重要手段之一,节能减排问责制实施后,节能减排指标未达标的政府官员将受到问责,丧失政治晋升优势,从而直接改变地方政府环保行为,因此节能减排问责制的减排效应最为明显。财政竞争激励效果明显,可能是以下几个方面的原因,形成了政府间良性竞争。一是政府将环境保护纳入干部考核指标体系,且这一指标所占权重越来越大,政府间竞争不再以GDP考核为导向,政府发展经济的同时,也会将保护生态环境考虑在内;二是由于户籍制度的松动,我国“用脚投票”机制得以强化,政府需更加关注辖区环境,以吸引人员流动;三是由于外商直接投资手段和结构逐步优化升级,近年来外商投资倾向于使用先进的生产技术,来降低企业污染排放。外商直接投资也从以制造业为主的投资结构逐步转变成以第三产业为主的投资结构,环境友好性进一步加强。公民参与的激励效果也十分显著,可能是由于随着环境信息透明度的增强,越来越多的公民开始有意识和有组织地表达对污染问题的关注和对环境治理的强烈要求,使得这一因素变得愈发重要。根据实证结果,本文分别从健全地方政府环境监管体系、构建良性财政竞争机制以及加强公众参与环境治理三个方面,提出相应的政策建议,以完善我国地方政府激励机制,优化我国地方政府环境治理路径。
[Abstract]:The economic growth pattern of the "high-consumption, high-discharge" has caused the environmental pollution of our country to be quite severe. In recent years, the haze has caused most parts of our country, and it has the characteristics of long time and wide scope. The problems of air pollution, water pollution and soil pollution are also common. Second, due to the loosening of the household registration system, the "to vote with a foot" mechanism of our country is strengthened, and the government needs to pay more attention to the environment of the area to attract the personnel to flow; the third is to gradually optimize the upgrade by means of the foreign direct investment means and the structure. In recent years, the foreign investment tends to use the advanced production technology to reduce the pollution discharge of the enterprise. Foreign direct investment is also gradually transformed from the manufacturing-oriented investment structure to the investment structure dominated by the tertiary industry, and the environment-friendly is further strengthened. The incentive effect of the citizen's participation is also very significant, which may be due to the increase of the transparency of the environmental information, and more and more citizens have begun to consciously and systematically express the attention to the pollution problem and the strong demand for environmental governance, so that the factor becomes more important. According to the empirical results, this paper puts forward corresponding policy suggestions from the aspects of improving the local government environmental supervision system, constructing the benign financial competition mechanism and strengthening the public participation in environmental governance, so as to improve the local government incentive mechanism and optimize the local government environmental governance path.
【学位授予单位】：中南财经政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X321

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