基于ABR技术的西北村镇分散式生活污水研究

发布时间：2019-04-27 01:43

【摘要】：为了解决我国中西部地区农村生活污水粗放型排放问题,本文将传统化粪池技术植入到ABR技术中,为西北地区农村污水治理改造出一套处理工艺——新型ABR化粪池系统。为增强系统的适应能力与实现系统高效、稳定运行的目的,实验中采用5隔室的新型ABR化粪池系统,分两个时期进行了研究。第一时期,采用逐级降低HRT与改变反应器温度的方式进行反应器的启动,研究了不同启动方式下反应器不同隔室中污染物浓度的变化规律及颗粒污泥的特性。第二时期,通过同步调控运行条件,探讨了水力停留时间、有进水机负荷及温度对系统运行特征和效能的影响。得到的研究结果如下:启动阶段的结果:两次启动稳定时,系统对COD去除率分别达到72.69%、55.93%,氨氮去除率总体小于10%,且波动性比较大,系统中各隔室对COD去除的贡献率为:第1隔室第2隔室第4隔室第3隔室第5隔室,NH3-N去除效果并不明显。启动过程系统处在中碱性环境,总体上系统的pH与碱度、温度呈正相关,与VFA呈负相关,该系统碱度的沿程变化规律是:出水进水第5隔室第4隔室第3隔室第2隔室第1隔室。污泥沉降性较好,污泥颗粒化程度相对比较高,系统产气量与温度呈正相关。运行阶段的结果:系统整体上对COD、SS的去除效果比较显著,出水COD浓度平均达到农田灌溉水质标准(GB 5084-2005),出水SS浓度平均为19.87 mg·L-1,达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》GB18981-2002中的一级B标准;总氮、氨氮及总磷的去除效果比较差,时常出现去除率为负的现象,各因素对其影响并不明显;系统中的酸化程度较低,整体处于中碱性环境;HRT的延长、有机负荷的提高和温度升高有助于不同厌氧类微生物菌群代谢活性增强,促进系统总产气量的增加。选用悬浮生长模型对新型ABR化粪池系统ABR反应区进行模型推导,根据反应器特性,采取线性化模型及非线性化模型对反应器分别进行去除率预测。结果表明,将反应器视作串联的CSTR反应器建立模型比将ABR反应区简化至单一CSTR反应器建立线形模型的误差大,原因可能是由于参数选取以及各隔室模型预测误差累计引起的。最后,通过对该设备进行成本效益分析,表明该套工艺在经济方面满足西北地区农村地区推广要求。
[Abstract]:In order to solve the problem of extensive discharge of rural domestic sewage in the central and western regions of China, the traditional septic tank technology was implanted into the ABR technology, and a new type of ABR septic tank system was developed for the treatment of rural sewage in the northwest of China. In order to enhance the adaptability of the system and to realize the efficient and stable operation of the system, a new type of ABR septic tank system with five compartments was used in the experiment, which was studied in two periods. In the first stage, the start-up of the reactor was carried out by lowering the HRT step by step and changing the temperature of the reactor. The variation of pollutant concentration and the characteristics of granular sludge in different compartments of the reactor under different start-up modes were studied. In the second period, the effects of hydraulic retention time (HRT), intake load and temperature on the operating characteristics and efficiency of the system are discussed by synchronously regulating the operating conditions. The results obtained are as follows: the results of the start-up stage: the removal rate of COD is 72.69%, 55.93% respectively, the removal rate of ammonia nitrogen is less than 10%, and the fluctuation is relatively large when the start-up is stable. The contribution rate of each compartment to COD removal in the system is as follows: first compartment, second compartment, fourth chamber, fourth compartment, third compartment and fifth compartment, the effect of NH3-N removal is not obvious. On the whole, the pH of the system is positively correlated with alkalinity and temperature, and negatively correlated with VFA. The basicity of the system changes along the way: the effluent inlet 5th compartment 4th compartment 3rd compartment 2nd compartment 1 compartment. Sludge sedimentation is good, sludge granulation degree is relatively high, the gas production of the system is positively correlated with temperature. The results of operation showed that the removal efficiency of COD,SS was remarkable, the effluent COD concentration reached the farmland irrigation water quality standard (GB 5084 / 2005), the effluent SS concentration was 19.87 mg 路L-1, and the effluent SS concentration was 19.87 mg 路L-1, and the effluent SS concentration was 19.87 mg 路L-1. It has reached the first class B standard in the GB18981-2002 (discharge Standard of Pollutant in Urban sewage treatment Plant); The removal efficiency of total nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus is poor, the removal rate is negative, the influence of each factor is not obvious, the acidizing degree in the system is low, and the whole system is in the medium alkaline environment. The prolongation of HRT, the increase of organic load and the increase of temperature contribute to the enhancement of metabolic activity of different anaerobic microbial communities and the increase of total gas production of the system. The suspension growth model was used to deduce the ABR reaction zone of the new ABR septic tank system. According to the characteristics of the reactor, the linearization model and the non-linearization model were used to predict the removal rate of the reactor respectively. The results show that the error of modeling the reactor as a series of CSTR reactors is larger than that of simplifying the ABR reaction zone to a single CSTR reactor, which may be due to the selection of parameters and the accumulation of prediction errors of each compartment model. Finally, through the cost-benefit analysis of the equipment, it is shown that the technology can meet the requirement of popularization in the rural areas of northwest China in terms of economy.
【学位授予单位】：兰州交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X799.3

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