一株高产鼠李糖脂铜绿假单胞菌的鉴定及环境微生物之间的相互拮抗现象的研究
发布时间：2019-05-17 00:57
【摘要】：石油泄漏问题经常与石油化工产业、石油管道运输、石油储藏罐以及海上油轮的运输发生的事故有关。化学合成的表面活性剂通常被用来加快去除这些泄露的原油。然而,大部分的化学表面活性剂大多不能被微生物降解,或部分被降解的产物对动物,植物甚至人类有很大的危害。生物表面活性剂是由生物细胞产生的一种具有表面活性的两性分子,这种分子具有低毒性、稳定、高强度的生物降解性,生态安全性的特质。鼠李糖脂被认为是帮助去除原油污染最有效的生物表面活性剂,它能够有效的乳化石油,加快微生物降解污染的石油。我们从舟山海域油污泥中筛选出一株葡萄糖诱导的高产鼠李糖脂的铜绿假单胞菌Zs1。用葡萄糖作为唯一碳源培养Zs1,上清液的乳化指数能达到100%,表面张力能够降低到26.5mN/m LC-MS/MS分析,Zs1产生19种不同的鼠李糖脂(RL7-11),其中包括7种单糖的鼠李糖脂,12种双糖的鼠李糖脂。RL7-11相比于SDS在不同的pH、盐度以及温度的条件下具有更强的稳定性。用矿物盐培养基(MSM)加4%葡萄糖30℃,180r/min培养Zs1 5天,鼠李糖脂的产量达到44g/L。我们在研究中还发现,利用MSM培养基加酵母粉和MSM加葡萄糖为培养基能够富集不同种类的微生物,葡萄糖为唯一碳源时能富集假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas sp),酵母粉为唯一碳源时能富集厦门栖东海菌属(Donghicola sp),芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus sp),产碱杆菌属(Alcaligenes sp)。假单胞菌属分别和厦门栖东海菌属、芽孢杆菌属以及产碱杆菌属在以MSM培养基加酵母粉为唯一碳源条件下共培养时,利用末端荧光标记的限制性片段长度多态性(T-RFLP)技术和抑菌圈实验的方法证明,假单胞菌属能够抑制厦门栖东海菌属和芽孢杆菌属的生长,而产碱杆菌属能够抑制假单胞菌属的生长。总的来说,我们实验结果初步揭示了不同微生物之间相互拮抗的普遍现象。在原位生物修复过程中,选择适合的微生物对于有效清除环境污染物具有重要的意义。
[Abstract]:Oil leakage is often related to accidents in petrochemical industry, oil pipeline transportation, oil storage tanks and offshore oil tankers. Chemical surfactants are usually used to speed up the removal of these leaked crude oil. However, most of the chemical surfactants can not be degraded by microorganisms, or some of the degraded products are of great harm to animals, plants and even human beings. Biosurfactant is a kind of amphoteric molecule with surface activity produced by biological cells. This molecule has the characteristics of low toxicity, stability, high intensity biodegradability and ecological safety. Rhamnose is considered to be the most effective biosurfactant to help remove crude oil pollution. It can effectively emulsify oil and accelerate microbial degradation of contaminated oil. A strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Zs1. with high rhamnose production induced by glucose was screened from the oily sludge of Zhoushan sea area. The emulsification index of the culture medium of Zs1, with glucose as the sole carbon source can reach 100%, and the surface tension can be reduced to 26.5mN/m LC-MS/MS analysis. 19 different kinds of rhamnose (RL7-11) are produced by Zs1. Among them, 7 kinds of monosaccharide rhamnose and 12 kinds of disaccharide rhamnose. RL7-11 has stronger stability than SDS at different pH, salinity and temperature. The yield of rhamnose reached 44 g 路L ~ (- 1) when Zs1 was cultured with mineral salt medium (MSM) and 4% glucose at 30 鈩，
本文编号：2478680
[Abstract]:Oil leakage is often related to accidents in petrochemical industry, oil pipeline transportation, oil storage tanks and offshore oil tankers. Chemical surfactants are usually used to speed up the removal of these leaked crude oil. However, most of the chemical surfactants can not be degraded by microorganisms, or some of the degraded products are of great harm to animals, plants and even human beings. Biosurfactant is a kind of amphoteric molecule with surface activity produced by biological cells. This molecule has the characteristics of low toxicity, stability, high intensity biodegradability and ecological safety. Rhamnose is considered to be the most effective biosurfactant to help remove crude oil pollution. It can effectively emulsify oil and accelerate microbial degradation of contaminated oil. A strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Zs1. with high rhamnose production induced by glucose was screened from the oily sludge of Zhoushan sea area. The emulsification index of the culture medium of Zs1, with glucose as the sole carbon source can reach 100%, and the surface tension can be reduced to 26.5mN/m LC-MS/MS analysis. 19 different kinds of rhamnose (RL7-11) are produced by Zs1. Among them, 7 kinds of monosaccharide rhamnose and 12 kinds of disaccharide rhamnose. RL7-11 has stronger stability than SDS at different pH, salinity and temperature. The yield of rhamnose reached 44 g 路L ~ (- 1) when Zs1 was cultured with mineral salt medium (MSM) and 4% glucose at 30 鈩，
本文编号：2478680
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