我国城市生活垃圾分类的政策工具研究
发布时间：2019-05-16 02:44
【摘要】：随着改革开放的步伐加速,城镇化建设在我国获得了有目共睹的巨大成就。但随之而来的交通拥堵、空气恶化、环境污染等"城市病",日益引起人们的广泛关注。"垃圾围城"也是城市病之一。近年来,垃圾治理在城市治理中紧迫性突出。自上世纪九十年代以来,我国相关政府部门逐渐认识到通过垃圾分类实现源头减量和资源回收对于城市垃圾治理的重要性,并开展了城市垃圾分类试点工作,采取了命令控制型、经济激励型和社会参与型等垃圾分类政策工具来达成分类目标。但是历经十多年的垃圾分类试点工作,并未达到理想效果,也没有形成可以在全国范围内全面推广的经验。垃圾分类试点不成功,有多重原因,政策工具的选择即是其中之一。政策执行过程本质上是选择恰当政策工具进行政策落实的过程,因而政策工具的选择是否恰当是决定政策执行成败的关键因素。因此,本文从政策工具理论的视角出发,围绕"如何优化政策工具从而推进城市生活垃圾分类工作"这一主线,对中国城市生活垃圾分类政策工具展开系统研究。笔者认为,垃圾分类效果的提升,需要我们重视垃圾分类政策工具应用中存在的缺陷,要充分发挥各项政策工具优化组合的效应,注重优化政策工具运行的外部环境;同时政府部门要承担起顶层设计和系统配套的责任,完善法律法规和制度框架;注重发挥利益机制作用,促进社会力量参与,培育社会信任。科学机制的良好运作将反过来推进垃圾分类工作的开展,最终促成城市垃圾治理目标的实现。全文共分为五个部分。绪论部分主要说明了选题背景、研究意义、研究思路,并概述了政策工具理论的国内外相关研究。第二部分对政策工具理论和垃圾分类概念进行综述,为本研究奠定了理论基础;同时对国内外垃圾分类情况进行概述,为本研究奠定了实践基础。第三部分系统分析了我国垃圾分类政策工具的执行情况,论述了我国生活垃圾分类政策工具的政策目标、具体内容、实施效果及低效原因。第四部分介绍了德国、日本、台北在选择并执行生活垃圾分类政策工具的具体实践情况,并对国内外垃圾分类政策工具进行比较分析,总结了可供参考借鉴的经验,例如"生产者责任延伸"、"强制垃圾分类"、"利用行业协会促进回收""严苛违规处罚"等。第五部分论述了我国垃圾分类未来发展的方向,提出优化我国生活垃圾分类政策工具的建议,即发挥各类政策工具的组合作用,同时优化垃圾分类政策工具执行的外部环境,注重垃圾分类政策工具发挥主体和参与客体的完善,最终实现城市生活垃圾有序治理和居民主动参与治理的良好效果。
[Abstract]:With the acceleration of reform and opening up, urbanization has made great achievements in our country. However, the following "urban diseases", such as traffic congestion, air deterioration, environmental pollution and so on, have attracted more and more attention. "garbage besieged city" is also one of the urban diseases. In recent years, the urgency of garbage treatment in urban governance is prominent. Since the 1990s, the relevant government departments in China have gradually realized the importance of source reduction and resource recovery for municipal solid waste control through garbage classification, and have carried out pilot work on municipal solid waste classification. The policy tools of garbage classification, such as command control type, economic incentive type and social participation type, are adopted to achieve the classification goal. However, after more than ten years of pilot work of garbage classification, it has not achieved the ideal effect, and has not formed the experience that can be popularized in the whole country. Garbage classification pilot is not successful, there are many reasons, the choice of policy tools is one of them. The process of policy implementation is essentially the process of selecting appropriate policy tools for policy implementation, so whether the choice of policy tools is appropriate is the key factor to determine the success or failure of policy implementation. Therefore, from the perspective of policy tool theory, this paper focuses on the main line of "how to optimize policy tools to promote the classification of municipal solid waste", and makes a systematic study on the policy tools of municipal solid waste classification in China. The author believes that the improvement of garbage classification effect requires us to pay attention to the defects existing in the application of garbage classification policy tools, to give full play to the effect of the optimal combination of policy tools, and to pay attention to optimizing the external environment for the operation of policy tools. At the same time, government departments should assume the responsibility of top-level design and system matching, perfect laws, regulations and institutional framework, pay attention to giving full play to the role of interest mechanism, promote the participation of social forces and cultivate social trust. The good operation of scientific mechanism will in turn promote the development of garbage classification, and finally promote the realization of the goal of municipal solid waste control. The full text is divided into five parts. The introduction mainly explains the background of the topic, the significance of the research, the research ideas, and summarizes the related research of policy tool theory at home and abroad. The second part summarizes the theory of policy tools and the concept of garbage classification, which lays a theoretical foundation for this study, and summarizes the situation of garbage classification at home and abroad, which lays a practical foundation for this study. The third part systematically analyzes the implementation of garbage classification policy tools in China, and discusses the policy objectives, concrete contents, implementation effect and inefficient reasons of domestic waste classification policy tools in China. The fourth part introduces the concrete practice of selecting and implementing domestic waste classification policy tools in Germany, Japan and Taipei, compares and analyzes the domestic and foreign garbage classification policy tools, and sums up the experience that can be used for reference. For example, "producer responsibility extension", "mandatory garbage classification", "using industry associations to promote recycling", "strict penalties" and so on. The fifth part discusses the future development direction of garbage classification in China, and puts forward some suggestions to optimize the policy tools of domestic waste classification in China, that is, to give full play to the combined role of various policy tools, and at the same time to optimize the external environment for the implementation of garbage classification policy tools. Pay attention to the improvement of the subject and the object of participation in the policy tool of garbage classification, and finally realize the good effect of orderly management of municipal solid waste and active participation of residents in the treatment of municipal solid waste.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X799.3
本文编号：2477960
[Abstract]:With the acceleration of reform and opening up, urbanization has made great achievements in our country. However, the following "urban diseases", such as traffic congestion, air deterioration, environmental pollution and so on, have attracted more and more attention. "garbage besieged city" is also one of the urban diseases. In recent years, the urgency of garbage treatment in urban governance is prominent. Since the 1990s, the relevant government departments in China have gradually realized the importance of source reduction and resource recovery for municipal solid waste control through garbage classification, and have carried out pilot work on municipal solid waste classification. The policy tools of garbage classification, such as command control type, economic incentive type and social participation type, are adopted to achieve the classification goal. However, after more than ten years of pilot work of garbage classification, it has not achieved the ideal effect, and has not formed the experience that can be popularized in the whole country. Garbage classification pilot is not successful, there are many reasons, the choice of policy tools is one of them. The process of policy implementation is essentially the process of selecting appropriate policy tools for policy implementation, so whether the choice of policy tools is appropriate is the key factor to determine the success or failure of policy implementation. Therefore, from the perspective of policy tool theory, this paper focuses on the main line of "how to optimize policy tools to promote the classification of municipal solid waste", and makes a systematic study on the policy tools of municipal solid waste classification in China. The author believes that the improvement of garbage classification effect requires us to pay attention to the defects existing in the application of garbage classification policy tools, to give full play to the effect of the optimal combination of policy tools, and to pay attention to optimizing the external environment for the operation of policy tools. At the same time, government departments should assume the responsibility of top-level design and system matching, perfect laws, regulations and institutional framework, pay attention to giving full play to the role of interest mechanism, promote the participation of social forces and cultivate social trust. The good operation of scientific mechanism will in turn promote the development of garbage classification, and finally promote the realization of the goal of municipal solid waste control. The full text is divided into five parts. The introduction mainly explains the background of the topic, the significance of the research, the research ideas, and summarizes the related research of policy tool theory at home and abroad. The second part summarizes the theory of policy tools and the concept of garbage classification, which lays a theoretical foundation for this study, and summarizes the situation of garbage classification at home and abroad, which lays a practical foundation for this study. The third part systematically analyzes the implementation of garbage classification policy tools in China, and discusses the policy objectives, concrete contents, implementation effect and inefficient reasons of domestic waste classification policy tools in China. The fourth part introduces the concrete practice of selecting and implementing domestic waste classification policy tools in Germany, Japan and Taipei, compares and analyzes the domestic and foreign garbage classification policy tools, and sums up the experience that can be used for reference. For example, "producer responsibility extension", "mandatory garbage classification", "using industry associations to promote recycling", "strict penalties" and so on. The fifth part discusses the future development direction of garbage classification in China, and puts forward some suggestions to optimize the policy tools of domestic waste classification in China, that is, to give full play to the combined role of various policy tools, and at the same time to optimize the external environment for the implementation of garbage classification policy tools. Pay attention to the improvement of the subject and the object of participation in the policy tool of garbage classification, and finally realize the good effect of orderly management of municipal solid waste and active participation of residents in the treatment of municipal solid waste.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X799.3
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