河北省城市生态安全评价与研究

发布时间：2019-05-18 19:44

【摘要】：城市化的飞速发展给现代城市带来诸多方面的压力,人口拥挤、住房紧张、交通阻塞、环境污染严重、居民生活质量和健康水平降低等现象对现代城市生态安全带来严峻的考验。如何解决城市生态安全问题,己被当今世界各国提上日程。在资源型城市中城市生态安全在发展初期研究较少,目前体现比较严重。以河北省为研究对象,通过地理位置、地貌特征、气候环境、人口数量和经济状况等方面选取张家口、唐山、保定、石家庄、邯郸五个具有代表性的城市,在对生态安全以及城市生态安全概念及内涵认识的基础上,运用压力-状态-响应框架模型建立评价体系进行城市生态安全评价的研究。在具体评价过程中,将城市生态安全水平划分为理想安全、较安全、临界安全、不安全、极不安全五个评价等级,采用熵权法确定各指标在评价体系中的权重。通过运用模糊综合评价法与主成分分析法对河北省五个城市的生态水平进行评价排序,这其中虽然存在着一定程度的差异,但基本上是保持一致的;通过对制约层中各单项生态安全水平的模糊评价,得到五个城市在生态系统压力方面表现较好,在生态系统状态方面表现较差,在生态系统响应方面行动力欠缺;通过运用模糊综合评价法与主成分分析法对河北省2010~2014年五年的城市生态安全状况进行了评价,得到对2010~2014年的河北省生态安全评价结果基本一致,区别在于模糊综合评价中,2011年的河北省生态安全水平出现波动达到最低值,生态安全水平大致处于上升趋势,而主成分分析法显示,2010~2014年河北省生态安全水平一直处于上升趋势。最后根据河北省城市生态安全水平评价结果,针对各指标对城市生态安全的影响程度,提出了相应的解决对策,也为河北省城市生态安全研究提供了一定的参考,具有一定的实用性和指导性。
[Abstract]:The rapid development of urbanization has brought pressure to modern cities in many aspects, such as crowded population, tight housing, traffic jams and serious environmental pollution. The decline of residents' quality of life and health brings a severe test to the ecological security of modern cities. How to solve the problem of urban ecological security has been put on the agenda of all countries in the world. In resource-based cities, urban ecological security is less studied in the early stage of development, and it is more serious at present. Taking Hebei Province as the research object, five representative cities, Zhangjiakou, Tangshan, Baoding, Shijiazhuang and Handan, are selected through geographical location, geomorphological characteristics, climate and environment, population and economic situation. On the basis of understanding the concept and connotation of ecological security and urban ecological security, the evaluation system is established by using pressure-state-response framework model to study the evaluation of urban ecological security. In the process of concrete evaluation, the level of urban ecological security is divided into five evaluation grades: ideal safety, more safe, critical safety, unsafe and extremely unsafe. Entropy weight method is used to determine the weight of each index in the evaluation system. The ecological level of five cities in Hebei Province is evaluated and sorted by using fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method and principal component analysis method. Although there are some differences in them, they are basically consistent. Through the fuzzy evaluation of each single ecological security level in the restriction layer, it is found that the five cities have good performance in ecosystem pressure, poor performance in ecosystem state, and lack of motive force in ecosystem response. The urban ecological security situation in Hebei Province from 2010 to 2014 was evaluated by using fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method and principal component analysis method. The results of ecological security evaluation in Hebei Province from 2010 to 2014 are basically the same, and the difference lies in the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation. In 2011, the level of ecological security in Hebei Province fluctuated to the lowest level, and the level of ecological security was generally on the rise, while the principal component analysis showed that the level of ecological security in Hebei Province had been on the rise from 2010 to 2014. Finally, according to the evaluation results of urban ecological security level in Hebei Province, according to the influence degree of each index on urban ecological security, the corresponding countermeasures are put forward, which also provides a certain reference for the study of urban ecological security in Hebei Province. It has certain practicability and guidance.
【学位授予单位】：华北理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X826

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